後認知主義
後認知主義（postcognitivism）泛指認知科學中的某些運動，這些運動的主張反對諾姆·喬姆斯基、傑里·福多、大衛·馬爾等人所提出的認知主義理論，或跨越了這些認知主義理論設下的限制。
後認知主義者挑戰認知主義的信條，包括本體二元論、表象實在論（representative realism）、認知是獨立於心智和神經系統之外的歷程、電子計算機是心智的恰當類比，以及認知只發生在個體內部。[1]
遵循後認知主義方向的研究人員包括Hubert Dreyfus、格雷戈里·貝特森 、Bradd Shore、傑羅姆·布魯納 、Vittorio Guidano 、Humberto Maturana和弗朗西斯科·瓦雷拉 。 [2]
後認知主義思維的例子
註記
- ^ Wallace, B; Ross, A; Davies, J.B; Anderson, T. The Mind, the Body and the World: Psychology after Cognitivism. London: Imprint Academic. 2007. ISBN 978-1-84540-073-6.
- ^ Varela, F., Thompson, E., & Rosch, E. (1991). The embodied mind: Cognitive science and human experience. Cambridge MA: MIT Press.
參考文獻
- Costall, A. and Still, A. (eds) (1987) Cognitive Psychology in Question. Brighton: Harvester Press Ltd.
- Costall, A. and Still, A. (eds) (1991) Against Cognitivism: Alternative Foundations for Cognitive Psychology. New York: Harvester Wheatsheaf.
- Potter, J. (2000). "Post cognitivist psychology", Theory and Psychology, 10, 31–37.
- Stahl, G. (2015). The group as paradigmatic unit of analysis: The contested relationship of CSCL to the learning sciences. In M. Evans, M. Packer & K. Sawyer (Eds.), The learning sciences: Mapping the terrain. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/pub/ls.pdf （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）.
- Wallace, B., Ross, A., Davies, J.B., and Anderson, T. (2007) The Mind, The Body and the World: Psychology After Cognitivism. London: Imprint Academic.
- Witt, J. K. (2011). "Action's Effect on Perception", Current Directions in Psychological Sciences, 20,201-206.
- Zielke, B. (2004) Kognition und soziale Praxis: Der Soziale Konstruktionismus und die Perspektiven einer postkognitivistischen Psychologie. Bielefeld: transcript.