旬星 (英語:Decan , ;埃及語「bƫktw」或「baktiu」,「與工作有關的」)是古埃及天文學 中使用的36組恆星(小星座 ),用於方便地將360度黃道劃分為36個部分,每個部分10度,既用於神通術 也用於偕日升 計時學 目的。在地球每天的自轉過程中,每個旬星 都以地心說的管道在地平線上連續升起。每個旬星 的上升標誌着古埃及 人夜晚新的小時 (希臘語「hōra」)的開始,至少從第九或第十王朝(西元前2100年左右)開始,它們就被用作恆星鐘 。
埃及第十一王朝 晚期棺蓋上的「對角星座」;發現於埃及艾斯尤特 。希爾德斯海姆羅默與佩利紮烏斯博物館
因為每十天也會出現一個新的旬星 (也就是說,每十天,在太陽升起前的黎明時分,在一段時間被太陽的光線遮擋後,一組新的旬星 恆星群會在東方天空中重新出現),古希臘人稱之為「decanoi」(δεκανοί; pl. of δεκανός「dekanos」)或「十分之一」。
根據星座的擬人化模式,旬星 讓位於27或28個月球站 。
旬星的名字
西方的黃道帶
旬星
由於歲差導致旬星在古代的原始位置
古埃及 (巴奇 )
希臘-埃及[ 6]
《所羅門之約》[ 6]
阿里斯托布魯斯的名稱[ 9]
希臘 赫密士主義[ 6] [ 11]
拉丁赫密士主義[ 6] [ 11]
費爾米庫斯[ 6]
科斯馬斯[ 6]
斯卡利傑[ 6]
基爾學[ 6]
白羊宮
1
28
Khent-kheru
ⲭⲟⲛⲧⲁⲣⲉ Χont-har
Rhyax or Ruax
Bendonc
Chenlachori
Aulathamas
Senator or Asiccan
Aidoneus
Asiccan
Arueris (ⲁⲣⲟⲩⲉⲣⲓⲥ)
2
29
Qeṭ
ⲭⲟⲛⲧⲁⲭⲣⲉ Xont-χre
Barsafael
Mensour
Chontaret
Sabaoth
Senacher or Asenter
Persephone
Senacher
Anubis (ⲁⲛⲟⲩⲃ)
3
30
Sasaqeṭ
ⲥⲓⲕⲉⲧ Si-ket
Artosael or Arôtosael
Carexon
Siket
Disornafais
Sentacher or Asentacer
Eros
Acentacer
Horus (ⲱⲣⲟⲥ)
金牛宮
4
31
Ārt
ⲭⲱⲟⲩ Xau
Horopel
Gisan
Soou
Jaus
Suo or Asicat
Charis
Asicath
Serapis (ⲥⲉⲣⲁⲡⲓⲥ)
5
32
Khau
ⲉⲣⲱ, ⲁⲣⲟⲩ Arat
Kairoxanondalon or Iudal
Tourtour
Aron
Sarnotois
Aryo or Ason
die Horen
Viroaso
Helitomenos (ⲉⲗⲓⲧⲟⲙⲉⲛⲟⲥ)
6
33
Remen-ḥeru-an-Saḥ
ⲣⲉⲙⲉⲛⲁⲁⲣⲉ Remen-hare
Sphendonael
Ballat
Rhomenos
Erchmubris
Romanae or Arfa
Litai
Aharph
Apopis (ⲁⲡⲱⲡⲓⲥ)
雙子宮
7
34
Mestcher-Saḥ
ⲑⲟⲥⲟⲗⲕ Θosalk
Sphandor
Farsan
Xocha
Manuchos
Thesogar or Tensogar
Thetys
Thesogar
Tautus (ⲧⲟⲟⲩⲑ)
8
35
Remen-kher-Saḥ
ⲟⲩⲁⲣⲉ Uaret
Belbel
Vaspan
Ouari
Samurois
Ver or Asuae
Kybele
Verasua
Cyclops (ⲕⲟⲩⲕⲗⲟⲯ)
9
36
A-Saḥ
Phu-hor
Kourtael or Kurtaêl
Parquia
Pepisoth
Azuel
Tepis or Atosoae
Praxidike
Tepisatosoa
Titan (ⲧⲓⲧⲁⲛ)
37
Saḥ
巨蟹宮
10
1 (= 0' Cancer)
Sepṭet
ⲥⲱⲑⲓⲥ Sopdet
Metathiax
Panem
Sotheir
Seneptois
Sothis or Socius
Nike
Sothis
Apollun (ⲁⲡⲟⲗⲗⲟⲩⲛ)
11
2
Ṭepā-Kenmut
ⲥⲓⲧ Seta
Katanikotael
Catarno
Ouphisit
Somachalmais
Sith
Herakles
Syth
Hecate (ⲉⲕⲁⲧⲏ)
12
3
Kenmut
ⲭⲛⲟⲩⲙⲓⲥ Knum
Saphthorael or Saphathoraél
Hellors
Chnouphos
Charmine
Thiumis or Thumus
Hekate
Thuimis
Mercophta (ⲙⲉⲣⲕⲟⲫϯ)
獅子宮
13
4
Kher-khept-Kenmut
ⲭⲁⲣⲭⲛⲟⲩⲙⲓⲥ Χar-Knum
Phobothel or Bobêl
Jarea
Chnoumos
Zaloias
Craumonis or Afruicois
Hephaistos
Aphruimis
Typhon (ⲧⲟⲩⲫⲱⲉⲟⲩⲥ)
14
5
Ḥā-tchat
ⲏⲧⲏⲧ Ha-tet
Leroel or Kumeatêl
Effraa
Ipi
Zachor
Sic
Isis
Sithacer
Peroeus (ⲡⲉⲣⲟⲉⲟⲩⲥ)
15
6
Peḥui-tchat
ⲫⲟⲩⲧⲏⲧ Phu-Tet
Soubetti
Hayas
Phatiti
Frich
Futile or Eisie
Sarapis
Phuonisie
Nephthe (ⲛⲉⲫⲑⲏ)
室女宮
16
7
Themat-ḥert
ⲧⲱⲙ Tom
Katrax or Atrax
Angaf
Athoum
Zamendres
Thumis or Thinnis
Themis
Thumi
Isis (ⲓⲥⲓⲥ)
17
8
Themat-khert
ⲟⲩⲉⲥⲧⲉ—ⲃⲓⲕⲱⲧⲓ Uste-bikot
Jeropa or Ieropaêl
Bethapen
Brysous
Magois
Tophicus or Tropicus
Moirai
Thopitus
Piosiris (ⲡⲓⲟⲥⲓⲣⲓⲥ)
18
9
Usthȧ
ⲁⲫⲟⲥⲟ Aposot
Modobel or Buldumêch
Baroche
Amphatham
Michulais
Afut or Asuth
Hestia
Aphut
Cronus (ⲕⲣⲟⲛⲟⲥ)
天秤宮
19
10
Bekathȧ
ⲥⲟⲩⲭⲱⲥ Sob‿χos
Madero or Naôth
Zercuris
Sphoukou
Psineus
Seuichut or Senichut
Erinys
Serucuth
Zeuda (ⲍⲉⲟⲩⲇⲁ)
20
11
Ṭepā-khentet
ⲧⲡⲏⲭⲟⲛⲧⲓ Tpa-χont
Nathotho or Marderô
Baham
Nephthimes
Chusthisis
Sepisent or Atebenus
Kairos
Aterechinis
Omphta (ⲟⲙⲫϯ)
21
12
Khentet-ḥert
ⲭⲟⲛⲧⲁⲣⲉ Xont-har
Alath
Pieret
Phou
Psamiatois
Senta or Atepiten
Loimos
Arpien
Ophionius (ⲟⲫⲓⲟⲛⲓⲟⲥ)
天蠍宮
22
13
Khentet-khert
ⲭⲟⲛⲧⲁⲭⲣⲉ Spt-χne
Audameoth
Haziza
Name
Necbeuos
Sentacer or Asente
Nymph s
Sentacer
Arimanius (ⲁⲣⲓⲙⲁⲛⲓⲟⲥ)
23
14
Themes-en-khentet
. . . . . . Sesme
Nefthada
Nacy
Oustichos
Turmantis
Tepsisen or Asentatir
Leto
Tepiseuth
Merota (ⲙⲉⲣⲱϯ)
24
15
Sapt-khennu
ⲥⲡⲧⲭⲛⲉ Si-sesme
Akton
Alleinac
Aphebis
Psermes
Sentineu or Aterceni(-cem)
Kairos (repeated)
Senicer
Panotragus (ⲡⲁⲛⲟⲧⲣⲁⲅⲟⲥ)
人馬宮
25
16
Ḥer-ab-uȧa
ʿⲣⲏⲟⲩⲱ Hre-ua
Anatreth
Ortusa
Sebos
Clinothois
Eregbuo or Ergbuo
Loimos (repeated)
Eregbuo
Tolmophta (ⲧⲟⲗⲙⲟⲫϯ)
26
17
Shesmu
ⲥⲉⲥⲙⲉ, ⲥⲓⲥⲉⲥⲙⲉ Sesme
Enautha or Enenuth
Daha
Teuchmos
Thursois
Sagon
Kore
Sagen
Tomras (ⲧⲟⲙⲣⲁⲥ)
27
18
Kenmu
ⲕⲟⲛⲓⲙⲉ Konime
Axesbyth or Phêth
Satan
Chthisar
Renethis
Chenene or Chenem
Ananke
Chenen
Teraph (ⲧⲉⲣⲁⲫ)
摩羯宮
28
19
Semṭet
ⲥⲙⲁⲧ Smat
Hapax or Harpax
Eracto
Tair
Renpsois
Themeso
Asklepios
Themeso
Soda (ⲥⲱⲇⲁ)
29
20
Ṭepā-semṭ
. . . . . . . . Srat
Anoster
Salac
Epitek
Manethois
Epiemu or Epimen
Hygieia
Epima
Riruphta (ⲣⲓⲣⲟⲩⲫϯ)
30
21
Sert
ⲥⲣⲱ Si-srat
Physikoreth or Alleborith
Seros
Epichnaus
Marcois
Omot
Tolma
Homoth
Monuphta (ⲙⲟⲛⲟⲩⲫϯ)
寶瓶宮
31
22
Sasa-sert
ⲥⲓⲥⲣⲱ Tpa-χu
Aleureth or Hephesimireth
Tonghel
Isi
Ularis
Oro or Asoer
Dike
Oroasoer
Brondeus (ⲃⲣⲟⲛⲇⲉⲟⲩⲥ)
32
23
Kher-khept-sert
. . . . . . . . Xu
Ichthion
Anafa
Sosomo
Luxois
Cratero or Astiro
Phobos
Astiro
Vucula (ⲃⲟⲩⲕⲟⲩⲗⲁ)
33
24
Khukhu
ⲧⲡⲏⲭⲩ Tpa-Biu
Achoneoth or Agchoniôn
Simos
Chonoumous
Crauxes
Tepis or Amasiero
Osiris
Tepisatras
Proteus (ⲡⲣⲟⲧⲉⲟⲩⲥ)
雙魚宮
34
25
Baba
ⲭⲩ Biu
Autoth or Autothith
Achaf
Tetimo
Fambais
Acha or Atapiac
Okeanos
Archatapias
Rephan (ⲣⲉⲫⲁⲛ)
35
26
Khent-ḥeru
ⲧⲡⲏⲃⲓⲟⲩ Xont-Har
Phtheneoth or Phthenoth
Larvata
Sopphi
Flugmois
Tepibui or Tepabiu
Dolus
Thopibui
Sourut (ⲥⲟⲟⲩⲣⲟⲩⲧ)
36
27
Ḥer-ȧb-khentu
ⲃⲓⲟⲩ, ⲧⲡⲓⲃⲓⲟⲩ Tpi-biu
Bianakith
Ajaras
Syro
Piatris
Uiu or Aatexbui
Elpis
Atembui
Phallophorus (ⲫⲁⲗⲗⲟⲫⲟⲣⲟⲥ)
古印度
在印度,將黃道帶劃分為36個十度部分被稱為drekkana (drekkāṇa)、dreshkana(drekkana)或drikana(dṛkā̇a)[ 15] 。
德雷卡納斯(英語:drekkanas )的肖像和使用最早由舒吉迪瓦亞 在亞瓦納賈塔卡 中提及(269–270 CE),伐羅訶密希羅 在他的布里哈特 · 薩希塔 中給予了詳細的論述and(550 CE)。現代學者認為,旬星 是通過希臘人傳入印度的,希臘人是從埃及人那裏瞭解到它們的。
相關條目
參考資料
引用作品
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Gundel, Wilhelm. Dekane und Dekansterbilder. Glückstadt and Hamburg: J. J. Augustin. 1936.
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Neugebauer, Otto. The Egyptian 'Decans' . Astronomy and History: Selected Essays. New York: Springer. 1983: 205–209 [1955]. ISBN 978-0-387-90844-1 . doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-5559-8 .
Pingree, David . The Indian Iconography of the decans and Horas. Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes. 1963, 26 (3/4): 223–254. JSTOR 750493 . S2CID 194974629 . doi:10.2307/750493 .
Priskin, Gyula. The Astral Myth of Osiris: the Decans of Taurus and Libra (PDF) . ENiM. 2016, (9): 79–111 [2021-07-08 ] . (原始內容存檔 (PDF) 於2021-07-09).
Ptolemy . Tetrabiblos. Book I Part 18. 由Frank Egleston Robbins翻譯. Cambridge, MA: Loeb. 1940.
Ruelle, C. E. Hermès Trismégiste: Le Livré Sacre sur les Décans: Texte, variantes et traduction française. Revue de Philologie. October 1908, 32 (4): 247–277.
Symons, S. L. A Star's Year: The Annual Cycle in the Ancient Egyptian Sky . Steele, J. M. (編). Calendars and Years: Astronomy and Time in the Ancient World. Oxford: Oxbow Books. 2007: 1–33. ISBN 978-1842173022 . (原始內容 存檔於2013-06-15).
Symons, S. L.; et al. Diagonal Star Tables . Ancient Egyptian Astronomy (Online database). 2013 [2024-08-09 ] . (原始內容存檔 於2015-04-02).
van der Waerden, B. L. Babylonian Astronomy. II. The Thirty-Six Stars . Journal of Near Eastern Studies. January 1949, 8 (1): 6–26. JSTOR 542436 . S2CID 222443741 . doi:10.1086/370901 . The property of the Chaldean Decans that one of them rose every ten days made them fit to be assimilated to the Egyptian decans. This assimilation was performed in the decan lists of Hellenistic astrology.
von Bomhard, Anna-Sophie. The Egyptian Calendar: A Work for Eternity. London: Periplus. 1999.
進階讀物
Christian, Paul. The Thirty-Six Decans . The History and Practice of Magic. Citadel. 1969: 476–478 [1870].
Symons, Sarah. Egyptian 'Star Clocks' . Ruggles, Clive L.N. (編). Handbook of Archaeoastronomy and Ethnoastronomy. New York: Springer. 2014: 1495–1500. ISBN 978-1-4614-6140-1 .
外部連結