漢娜·莫爾
漢娜·莫爾（Hannah More 1745年2月2日—1833年9月7日）是一名英格蘭宗教作家、慈善家、詩人、劇作家，她是當時倫敦社交界、文藝圈裏的名人，藍襪子的領袖。
| Hannah More | |
|---|---|
 1821年像 | |
| 出生 | 1745年2月2日 英格蘭布里斯托 |
| 逝世 | 1833年9月7日（88歲） 英格蘭布里斯托克里夫頓 |
| 墓地 | 英格蘭薩默塞特郡靈頓 |
| 知名於 | 詩人 |
| 簽名 | |
 | |
早年
她出生於布里斯托魚塘區（Fishponds），是當地一所學校校長雅各布·摩爾（1700-83）的第四個女兒（共五個）[1]。她的父親是她的啟蒙老師，教會了她拉丁語和數學，她的姐姐們又教過她法語[1]。 1758年，其父雅各布在布里斯托三一街（Trinity Street）創辦了一所女子寄宿學校，由漢娜的姐姐瑪麗和伊利沙伯運營，雅各布自己則在石山區（Stony Hill）創辦了一所男子學校。12歲時，漢娜進入姐姐們的學校學習，畢業後在那裏執教。[2]
1767年漢娜為了和薩默塞特郡Wraxall村一名叫威廉·特納的男子訂婚，退掉了自己在學校的股份[1]。但過了六年婚禮還是沒有舉辦，特納也沒有確定日期的意願，於是二人的婚約在1773年解除。這可能一度導致漢娜精神崩潰，她因此前往濱海韋斯頓附近的上山村（Uphill）療養。她最後從特納那裏獲得了200鎊年金作為補償，這使得她能夠有充足的閒暇時間進行文學創作。[2]
成年
她在教書時開始創作田園風格的劇作，以供她的女學生們表演。她的第一部作品是1762年完成的《The Search after Happiness》，到1780年代中期，它共售出10,000多本[3]。
她在1773年冬和姐姐們一起前往倫敦，在那裏結識了塞繆爾·約翰遜、約書亞·雷諾茲和愛德蒙·伯克等當時文藝界的精英。約翰遜其實不太喜歡她，認為她太過奉承別人，還是一個蹩腳詩人[1]。她參加了藍襪子運動，是伊利沙伯·蒙塔古沙龍的座上賓，並在那裏結識弗朗西斯·博斯科文、伊利沙伯·卡特、伊利沙伯·維西和赫斯特·沙蓬。[2]
她的劇作在倫敦獲得了成功，其《珀西》在1777年12月於皇家歌劇院上演，大衛·加里克為這部作品寫了開場白和謝幕詞[1]。
她在倫敦的生活並不順利，1785年她在薩默塞特郡北部的靈頓買下一棟別墅，和姐妹瑪莎開始避世的隱居生活。在那裏，她寫成了《尋找妻子的科勒布斯》（Coelebs in Search of a Wife）等多部作品，並在那裏去世，葬在當地的諸聖教堂中，留下的遺產捐給了教會和慈善機構。[4]
引用
- ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Crossley Evans, MJ, Hannah More, University of Bristol (Bristol branch of the Historical Association, 1999.
- ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Stephen 1894.
- ^ S. J. Skedd, "More, Hannah (1745–1833)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004).
- ^ Chisholm 1911.
來源
- Chisholm, Hugh (編). More, Hannah. Encyclopædia Britannica (第11版). London: Cambridge University Press. 1911.
Stephen, Leslie. More, Hannah. Lee, Sidney (編). Dictionary of National Biography 38. London: Smith, Elder & Co: 414–420. 1894.
主要
- Hannah More, Works of Hannah More, 2 vols. New York: Harper, 1840
傳記
- Anna Jane Buckland, The life of Hannah More. A lady of two centuries. London: Religious Tract Society, 1882, [1]
- Jeremy and Margaret Collingwood, Hannah More. Oxford: Lion Publishing, 1990, ISBN 0-7459-1532-9
- Patricia Demers, The World of Hannah More. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1996, ISBN 0-8131-1978-2
- Charles Howard Ford, Hannah More: A Critical Biography. New York: Peter Lang, 1996, ISBN 0-8204-2798-5
- Marion Harland, Hannah More. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1900
- Mary Alen Hopkins, Hannah More and Her Circle. London: Longmans, 1947
- M. G. Jones, Hannah More Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1952
- Helen C. Knight, Hannah More; or, Life in Hall and Cottage. New York: M. W. Dodd, 1851
- Elizabeth Kowaleski-Wallace, Their Fathers' Daughters: Hannah More, Maria Edgeworth, and Patriarchal Complicity. New York: Oxford University Press, 1991
- Annette Mary Budgett Meakin, Hannah More: A Biographical Study. London: John Murray, 1919
- Karen Swallow Prior, Fierce Convictions: The Extraordinary Life of Hannah More—Poet, Reformer, Abolitionist. Nashville: Nelson Books, 2014, ISBN 978-1-4002-0625-4
- William Roberts, ed., Memoirs of Mrs Hannah More. New York: Harper & Bros., 1836
- Anne Stott, Hannah More: The First Victorian. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003, ISBN 0-19-924532-0
- Thomas Taylor, Memoir of Mrs. Hannah More. London: Joseph Rickerby, 1838
- Henry Thompson, The Life of Hannah More With Notices of Her Sisters. London: T. Cadell, 1838
- Charlotte Yonge, Hannah More. Boston: Roberts Brothers, 1888
其他
- Elliott, Dorice Williams. The Care of the Poor Is Her Profession: Hannah More and Women's Philanthropic Work. Nineteenth-Century Contexts. 1995, 19 (2): 179–204. doi:10.1080/08905499508583421. hdl:1808/20908
. - Kelly, Gary. Revolution, Reaction, and the Expropriation of Popular Culture: Hannah More's Cheap Repository (PDF). Man and Nature. 1987, 6: 147–59 [2021-06-17]. doi:10.7202/1011875ar . （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2018-07-21）.
- Jacqueline McMillan, "Hannah More: From Versificatrix to Saint", In Her Hand: Letters of Romantic-Era British Women Writers in New Zealand Collections. Otago Students of Letters. Dunedin, New Zealand: University of Otago, Department of English, 2013. pp. 23–46. Includes five letters and a poem, hitherto unpublished.
- Mitzi Myers, "Hannah More's Tracts for the Times: Social Fiction and Female Ideology", Fetter'd or Free? British Women Novelists, 1670–1815. Mary Anne Schofield and Cecilia Macheski, eds. Athens: Ohio University Press, 1986
- Myers, Mitzi. Reform or Ruin: 'A Revolution in Female Manners'. Studies in Eighteenth-Century Culture. 1982, 11: 199–216.
- Nardin, Jane. Hannah More and the Rhetoric of Educational Reform. Women's History Review. 2001, 10 (2): 211–27. doi:10.1080/09612020100200571.
- Nardin, Jane. Hannah More and the Problem of Poverty. Texas Studies in Language and Literature. 2001, 43 (3): 267–84. S2CID 162100269. doi:10.1353/tsl.2001.0015.
- Pickering, Samuel. Hannah More's Coelebs in Search of a Wife and the Respectability of the Novel in the Nineteenth Century. Neuphilologische Mitteilungen. 1977, 78: 78–85.
- Mona Scheuerman, In Praise of Poverty: Hannah More Counters Thomas Paine and the Radical Threat. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2002
- Stoker, David. The Watson family, the Association for the Discountenancing of Vice and the Irish Cheap Repository Tracts. The Library: Transactions of the Bibliographical Society. 7. 2020, 21: 343–384.
- Kathryn Sutherland, "Hannah More's Counter-Revolutionary Feminism", Revolution in Writing: British Literary Responses to the French Revolution. Kelvin Everest, ed. Milton Keynes: Open University Press, 1991
- Vallone, Lynne. 'A Humble Spirit under Correction': Tracts, Hymns, and the Ideology of Evangelical Fiction for Children, 1780–1820. The Lion and the Unicorn. 1991, 15 (2): 72–95. S2CID 143540425. doi:10.1353/uni.0.0155.
- A Comparative Study of Three Anti-Slavery Poems Written by William Blake, Hannah More and Marcus Garvey: Black Stereotyping （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館） by Jérémie Kroubo Dagnini for GRAAT On-Line, January 2010
檔案
- Papers of Hannah More are held at The Women's Library in the Library of the London School of Economics. 9/16[失效連結]
外部連結
- Hannah More （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館） at the Eighteenth-Century Poetry Archive (ECPA) （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
- Hannah More的作品 - 古騰堡計劃
- Hannah More - 古滕堡分佈式校對（加拿大）
- Works by Hannah More at Osborne Collection of Early Children's Books (Toronto Public Library)
- 互聯網檔案館中漢娜·莫爾的作品或與之相關的作品
來自漢娜·莫爾的LibriVox公共領域有聲讀物- Hannah More from Brycchan Carey's listing of British abolitionists （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
- The full text of Slavery, A Poem available online
- The full text of The Sorrows of Yamba available online （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
- Original 1797 edition of a printed pamphlet of The Sorrows of Yamba （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
