銳滴蟲目
銳滴蟲目 (Oxymonadida) 是一類具有鞭毛的原生生物,大部分物種棲息在白蟻或其實食木昆蟲的腸道內。銳滴蟲目和副基體綱一樣具有共生性的細菌,這些細菌可以協助分解纖維素。
銳滴蟲目 | |
---|---|
Monocercomonoides melolanthae | |
科學分類 | |
門: | 變形蟲門 Amoebozoa |
綱: | 動鞭毛蟲綱 Zoomastigophorea |
目: | 銳滴蟲目 Oxymonadida Grassé 1952 emend. Cavalier-Smith 2003 |
科 | |
異名 | |
|
銳滴蟲目包括 Dinenympha、Pyrsonympha,和 Oxymonas 三個屬[1]。
特徵
大部分物種體長約 50 μm,具有一個細胞核和四根鞭毛。銳滴蟲目的基體 (basal body) 生有數根向細胞末端延伸的微管,形成軸柱,但銳滴蟲目的軸柱與副基體綱的軸柱構造相異。銳滴蟲目可以用軸柱游泳,游泳時軸柱會成波浪狀。銳滴蟲目有一種纖維構造稱作前軸柱,前軸柱將四根鞭毛分為兩對。有些物種具有多個細胞核、多根鞭毛,和多根軸柱。
與三鞭毛蟲屬的關係
三鞭毛蟲屬 (Trimastix) 是一種自由生活的鞭毛蟲,親緣關係接近銳滴蟲目[2]。三鞭毛蟲屬缺少線粒體,擁有四根被前軸柱分成兩對的鞭毛,與銳滴蟲目不同的是,三鞭毛蟲擁有食槽 (feeding groove)。銳滴蟲目和三鞭毛蟲屬都屬於古蟲界後滴門 (metamonad)。
分類
- Order Oxymonadida Grassé 1952 emend. Cavalier-Smith 2003[3]
- Family Oxymonadidae Kirby 1928 [Oxymonadaceae]
- Genus ?Barroella Zeliff 1944 [Kirbyella Zeliff 1930 non Kirkaldy 1906 non Bolivar 1909]
- Genus ?Metasaccinobaculus Freitas 1945
- Genus ?Tubulimonoides Krishnamurthy & Sultana 1976
- Genus Microrhopalodina Grassé & Foa 1911 [Proboscidiella Kofoid & Swezy 1926; Opisthomitus Grassé 1952 non Duboscq & Grassé 1934]
- Genus Oxymonas Janicki 1915
- Genus Sauromonas Grassé & Hollande 1952
- Family Polymastigidae Bütschli 1884 [Polymastigaceae]
- Genus ?Brachymonas Grassé 1952 non Hiraishi et al. 1995
- Genus ?Paranotila Cleveland 1966
- Genus Monocercomonoides Travis 1932
- Genus Polymastix Bütschli 1884 non Gruber 1884
- Family Pyrsonymphidae Grassé 1892 [Pyrsonymphaceae; Dinenymphaceae]
- Genus Dinenympha Leidy 1877
- Genus Pyrsonympha Leidy 1877 [Pyrsonema Kent 1881; Lophophora Comes 1910 non Coulter 1894 non Kraatz 1895 non Moeschler 1890]
- Family Saccinobaculidae Brugerolle & Lee 2002 ex Cavalier-Smith 2012
- Genus Notila Cleveland 1950
- Genus Saccinobaculus Cleveland-Hall & Sanders & Collier 1934
- Family Streblomastigidae Kofoid & Swezy 1919 [Streblomastigaceae]
- Genus Streblomastix Kofoid & Swezy 1920
- Family Oxymonadidae Kirby 1928 [Oxymonadaceae]
參考文獻
- ^ Moriya S, Dacks JB, Takagi A, et al. Molecular phylogeny of three oxymonad genera: Pyrsonympha, Dinenympha and Oxymonas. J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. 2003, 50 (3): 190–7. PMID 12836875. doi:10.1111/j.1550-7408.2003.tb00115.x.
- ^ Dacks JB, Silberman JD, Simpson AG, et al. Oxymonads are closely related to the excavate taxon Trimastix. Mol. Biol. Evol. June 2001, 18 (6): 1034–44. PMID 11371592. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a003875 .
- ^ Part 1- Virae, Prokarya, Protists, Fungi. Collection of genus-group names in a systematic arrangement. [30 June 2016]. (原始內容存檔於14 August 2016).