外淋巴

外淋巴
外淋巴
	耳蜗的横截面。其中的外淋巴位于前庭阶（scala vestibuli）和鼓室阶（scala tympani）内。
	半规管的横截面。其中外淋巴位于浅蓝色区域。
标识字符
拉丁文	perilympha
MeSH	D010498
TA98	A15.3.03.056
TA2	6938
FMA	FMA:60908
	《解剖学术语》 [在维基数据上编辑]

外淋巴（英文：Perilymph），是内耳中的一种细胞外液，位于耳蜗的前庭阶（英语：Vestibular duct）、鼓室阶（英语：Tympanic duct）内^[1]^[2]。外淋巴与内淋巴相对应，但不直接接触^[3]。外淋巴液的离子成分与血浆、脑脊液成分相似，主要的阳离子为钠离子，其中钠离子和钾离子的浓度分别为138mM、6.9mM^[1]^[4]。

结构

内耳的核心部分为骨迷路，由耳蜗和前庭系统组成。骨迷路内有膜迷路，膜迷路中含有内淋巴，而外淋巴包裹膜迷路（介于骨迷路和膜迷路之间），起保护作用^[5]^[6]。骨迷路中的外淋巴液与蛛网膜下腔的脑脊液通过外淋巴管（英语：Perilymphatic duct）相连^[7]。

成分及功能

外淋巴和内淋巴液中特有的离子成分可调节听觉毛细胞的电化学冲动。内淋巴液比外淋巴液的电势高出80-90毫伏，这是因为内淋巴液含有更高浓度的钾离子而外淋巴液含有更高浓度的钠离子，这被称为耳蜗内电位（英语：Endocochlear potential）^[8]^[9]^[10]。

此外，外淋巴中含有大量蛋白质，对代谢和免疫反应起到重要作用^[11]。

临床

有研究认为梅尼埃病是内耳的内淋巴、外淋巴单向流动受阻造成^[8]^[12]^[13]。

参见

参考资料

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 Perilymph - an overview. Science Direct. [2021-03-11].
^ St-Amant, Maxime. Perilymph | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org. Radiopaedia. [2021-03-11]. （原始内容存档于2021-04-29）（美国英语）.
^ Casale, Jarett; Agarwal, Amit. Anatomy, Head and Neck, Ear Endolymph. StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. 2021 [2021-03-11]. PMID 30285400. （原始内容存档于2022-02-18）.
^ Bosher, S. K.; Warren, R. L.; Hallpike, Charles Skinner. Observations on the electrochemistry of the cochlear endolymph of the rat: a quantitative study of its electrical potential and ionic composition as determined by means of flame spectrophotometry. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological Sciences. 1968-11-05, 171 (1023): 227–247 [2021-03-11]. doi:10.1098/rspb.1968.0066. （原始内容存档于2019-10-24）.
^ Membranous Labyrinth - an overview. Science Direct. [2021-03-11] （英语）.
^ Hacking, Craig. Membranous labyrinth | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org. Radiopaedia. [2021-03-11]. （原始内容存档于2021-04-29）（美国英语）.
^ Blumenfeld, Hal. Neuroanatomy through Clinical Cases second edition. Sinauer Associates, Inc. 2010.
^ ^8.0 ^8.1 Endolymph and Perilymph - an overview. Science Direct. [2021-03-11] （英语）.
^ Konishi T, Hamrick PE, Walsh PJ. Ion transport in guinea pig cochlea. I. Potassium and sodium transport. Acta Otolaryngol. 1978, 86 (1–2): 22–34. PMID 696294. doi:10.3109/00016487809124717.
^ Wangemann, Philine. Supporting sensory transduction: cochlear fluid homeostasis and the endocochlear potential. The Journal of Physiology. 2006-10-01, 576 (Pt 1): 11–21. ISSN 0022-3751. PMC 1995626  . PMID 16857713. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2006.112888.
^ Edvardsson Rasmussen, Jesper; Laurell, Göran; Rask-Andersen, Helge; Bergquist, Jonas; Eriksson, Per Olof. The proteome of perilymph in patients with vestibular schwannoma. A possibility to identify biomarkers for tumor associated hearing loss?. PLOS ONE. 2018, 13 (6): e0198442. Bibcode:2018PLoSO..1398442E. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 5983529  . PMID 29856847. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0198442.
^ Cureoglu, Sebahattin; da Costa Monsanto, Rafael; Paparella, Michael M. Histopathology of Meniere’s disease. Operative techniques in otolaryngology--head and neck surgery. 2016-12, 27 (4): 194–204. ISSN 1043-1810. PMC 5344024  . PMID 28286401. doi:10.1016/j.otot.2016.10.003.
^ Meniere's disease - Symptoms and causes. Mayo Clinic. [2021-03-11]. （原始内容存档于2013-05-30）（英语）.

[:0-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Perilymph - an overview. Science Direct. [2021-03-11].

[2] St-Amant, Maxime. Perilymph | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org. Radiopaedia. [2021-03-11]. （原始内容存档于2021-04-29）（美国英语）.

[:02-3] Casale, Jarett; Agarwal, Amit. Anatomy, Head and Neck, Ear Endolymph. StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. 2021 [2021-03-11]. PMID 30285400. （原始内容存档于2022-02-18）.

[4] Bosher, S. K.; Warren, R. L.; Hallpike, Charles Skinner. Observations on the electrochemistry of the cochlear endolymph of the rat: a quantitative study of its electrical potential and ionic composition as determined by means of flame spectrophotometry. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological Sciences. 1968-11-05, 171 (1023): 227–247 [2021-03-11]. doi:10.1098/rspb.1968.0066. （原始内容存档于2019-10-24）.

[5] Membranous Labyrinth - an overview. Science Direct. [2021-03-11] （英语）.

[6] Hacking, Craig. Membranous labyrinth | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org. Radiopaedia. [2021-03-11]. （原始内容存档于2021-04-29）（美国英语）.

[7] Blumenfeld, Hal. Neuroanatomy through Clinical Cases second edition. Sinauer Associates, Inc. 2010.

[:1-8] 8.0 ^8.1 Endolymph and Perilymph - an overview. Science Direct. [2021-03-11] （英语）.

[9] Konishi T, Hamrick PE, Walsh PJ. Ion transport in guinea pig cochlea. I. Potassium and sodium transport. Acta Otolaryngol. 1978, 86 (1–2): 22–34. PMID 696294. doi:10.3109/00016487809124717.

[10] Wangemann, Philine. Supporting sensory transduction: cochlear fluid homeostasis and the endocochlear potential. The Journal of Physiology. 2006-10-01, 576 (Pt 1): 11–21. ISSN 0022-3751. PMC 1995626  . PMID 16857713. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2006.112888.

[11] Edvardsson Rasmussen, Jesper; Laurell, Göran; Rask-Andersen, Helge; Bergquist, Jonas; Eriksson, Per Olof. The proteome of perilymph in patients with vestibular schwannoma. A possibility to identify biomarkers for tumor associated hearing loss?. PLOS ONE. 2018, 13 (6): e0198442. Bibcode:2018PLoSO..1398442E. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 5983529  . PMID 29856847. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0198442.

[12] Cureoglu, Sebahattin; da Costa Monsanto, Rafael; Paparella, Michael M. Histopathology of Meniere’s disease. Operative techniques in otolaryngology--head and neck surgery. 2016-12, 27 (4): 194–204. ISSN 1043-1810. PMC 5344024  . PMID 28286401. doi:10.1016/j.otot.2016.10.003.

[13] Meniere's disease - Symptoms and causes. Mayo Clinic. [2021-03-11]. （原始内容存档于2013-05-30）（英语）.

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