纳瓦霍人
纳瓦霍（Navajo、Diné）是美国西南部的一支原住民族，为北美洲地区现存最大的美洲原住民族群，人口估计约有30万人。“纳瓦霍”族名由西班牙人所起，族人则自称为“Diné'”，即纳瓦霍语“人”之意。
| 纳瓦霍 Navajo (Diné) | |
|---|---|
 | |
| 分布地区 | |
 美国（  纳瓦霍族保留地、 亚利桑那、 科罗拉多、 新墨西哥、 犹他） | |
| 语言 | |
| 纳瓦霍语、英语、西班牙语 | |
| 宗教信仰 | |
| 纳瓦霍人传统信仰、基督新教、美国原住民族教会（NAC）、其他 | |
| 相关族群 | |
| 其他阿帕契民族 |
纳瓦霍族也拥有现今美国面积最大的印第安保留地，部族政府称为纳瓦霍国，横跨亚利桑那，新墨西哥和犹他三州，面积7万平方公里。部族政府拥有地方自治权，首府设在亚利桑那州温多罗克（Window Rock）镇。
语言
纳瓦霍族群有自己的语言纳瓦霍语，没有文字，只能口口相传，其构成相当复杂，外族人几乎无人能了解。因此，在太平洋战争中曾用于作为密码进行明码呼叫用，以让日本军无法破解美方密码，至二战结束时也没有被破解。
参见
- 猎风行动
- 塞班岛战役
- 诺曼底登陆
- 东尼·席勒曼(Tony Hillerman)作品：印第安警探系列
相关书籍
- Bailey, L. R. (1964). The Long Walk: A History of the Navaho Wars, 1846–1868.
- Bighorse, Tiana. (1990). Bighorse the Warrior. Ed. Noel Bennett, Tucson: University of Arizona Press.
- Brown, Dee. Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee. 1970. ISBN 0-330-23219-3.
- Brugge, David M. Navajos in the Catholic Church Records of New Mexico 1694–1875. Window Rock, Arizona: Reseach Section, The Navajo Tribe. 1968.
- Clarke, Dwight L. (1961). Stephen Watts Kearny: Soldier of the West. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press a
- Downs, James F. (1972). The Navajo. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston.
- Dyke, Walter. Son of Old Man Hat. Lincoln, Nebraska: Bison Books & University of Nebraska Press. 1967 [1938]. LCCN 44-2654.
- Forbes, Jack D. Apache, Navajo and Spaniard. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press. 1960. LCCN 60-13480.
- Gilpin, Laura. (1968). The Enduring Navaho. Austin: University of Texas Press.
- Gold, Peter. Navajo & Tibetan Sacred Wisdom: The Circle of the Spirit. Rochester, Vermont: Inner Traditions International. 1994. ISBN 0-89281-411-X..
- Hammond, George P. and Rey, Agapito (editors) (1940). Narratives of the Coronado Expedition 1540–1542. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.
- Henderson, Richard.(1994). “Replicating Dog Travois Travel on the Northern Plains.” Plains Anthropologist, V39:145–59
- Iverson, Peter. (2002). Diné: A History of the Navahos. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. ISBN 0-8263-2714-1
- Kelly, Lawrence (1970). Navajo Roundup, Pruett Pub. Co., Colorado.
- Kluckholm, Clyde & Leighton, Dorothea (1946). The Navaho. Cambridge: Oxford University Press.
- Loewen, James. W. (1999). Lies Across America. Pages 100–101; The New Press.
- McNitt, Frank. (1972). Navajo Wars. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.
- Newcomb, Franc Johnson. Hosteen Klah: Navajo Medicine Man and Sand Painter. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press. 1964. LCCCN 64-20759.
- Plog, Stephen. Ancient Peoples of the American Southwest. Thames and London, LTD, London, England, 1997. ISBN 0-500-27939-X.
- Compiled (1973). Roessel, Ruth (editor). Navajo Stories of the Long Walk Period. Tsaile, Arizona: Navajo Community College Press.
- Compiled. Roessel, Ruth , 编. Navajo Livestock Reduction: A National Disgrace. Tsaile, Arizona: Navajo Community College Press. 1974. ISBN 0-912586-18-4.
- Terrell, J. U. (1970). The Navajos.
- Underhill, Ruth M. (1956). The Navahos. Norman: The University of Oklahoma Press.
- Witherspoon, Gary. (1977). Language and Art in the Navajo Universe. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
外部链接
- [1] （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） 纳瓦霍政府网站
- Navajo Tourism （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） 纳瓦霍政府旅游局网站
- Middle Ground Project of Northern Colorado University with images of U.S. documents of treaties and reports 1846–1931
- Navajo People （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） 犹他州旅游局有关纳瓦霍族资料
- A Brief Overview of the Navajo People （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） (as of October 18, 2004)
- Navajo Silversmiths （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, by Washington Matthews, 1883 from Project Gutenberg
- Navajo Institute for Social Justice （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- Navajo Jewelry Information （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- Navajo Artcrafts （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Website created by students of GreyHills Academy High School in Tuba City AZ.
- Navajo weaving
- Historic Collection of Navajo Pictures
- Spanish-Navajo dictionary on line AULEX
- Non-Profit Navajo Arts & Crafts Enterprise