纤肢龙目
纤肢龙目(学名:Araeoscelidia)是个已灭绝的双孔类爬行动物演化支,外表类似蜥蜴。牠们包括纤肢龙、油页岩蜥、可能水生的齐椎蜥(Spinoaequalis)、还有所知不多的Kadaliosaurus、Zarcasaurus。
纤肢龙目 化石时期:
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油页岩蜥 | |
科学分类 | |
界: | 动物界 Animalia |
门: | 脊索动物门 Chordata |
纲: | 爬行纲 Reptilia |
演化支: | 真爬行动物 Eureptilia |
演化支: | 卢默龙类 Romeriida |
亚纲: | 双孔亚纲 Diapsida |
目: | †纤肢龙目 Araeoscelidia Williston, 1913 |
演化支 | |
本演化支被认为是所有后来的双孔类动物的姐妹演化支。
叙述
纤肢龙目是群小型爬行动物,身长不超过1米。外型类似现代蜥蜴,与现代蜥蜴的亲缘关系相当远。纤肢龙类的四肢、尾巴修长,具有两个颞颥孔,使牠们不同于其他早期爬行动物。纤肢龙缺少下颞孔,只有上颞孔,形成类似阔孔亚纲的颅骨。
属
纤肢龙目的著名属包含:纤肢龙、油页岩蜥、齐椎蜥(Spinoaequalis),上述属已发现较完整的骨骼。Aphelosaurus、Kadaliosaurus只有发现颅后骨骼部分,Zarcasaurus则只有发现一个下颌。
种系发生学
以下演化树来自于deBraga与Reisz(1995年)、Falconnet与Steyer(2007年)的研究:
双孔亚纲 |
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地理分布与地层分布
纤肢龙类的油页岩蜥、齐椎蜥(Spinoaequalis)发现于石炭纪晚期的美国。Aphelosaurus生存于二叠纪早期的法国,Kadaliasaurus生存于二叠纪早期的德国,纤肢龙、Dictybolos、Zarcasaurus生存于二叠纪早期的美国。除了纤肢龙目,二叠纪早期的其他双孔亚纲动物只有两个属,生存于德州的Apsisaurus、奥克拉荷马州的山猎蜥。
参考资料
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