兜兰属
兰科的一属植物
兜兰属（学名：Paphiopedilum），又称拖鞋兰、仙履兰，或音译作芭菲尔鞋兰，是兰科下的一个属。属名Paphiopedilum来自希腊文Paphia及pedilon（拖鞋）组合而成。paphia是希腊神话中的爱神阿芙萝黛蒂的一个别名，源自阿芙萝黛蒂诞生后在爱琴海塞浦路斯（Cyprus）岛上的登陆地点帕福斯（Paphos）而来。全属约有128个物种（含31个天然杂交种），分布于中国大陆南方、印度、东南亚及大洋洲诸岛。拖鞋兰的品种有麻栗坡拖鞋兰、长瓣拖鞋兰、虎斑拖鞋兰、卷萼拖鞋兰、紫纹拖鞋兰、同色拖鞋兰、越南拖鞋兰等。
兜兰属
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|---|---|
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| 美丽拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum bellatulum | |
科学分类 
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| 界： | 植物界 Plantae |
| 演化支： | 维管植物 Tracheophyta |
| 演化支： | 被子植物 Angiosperms |
| 演化支： | 单子叶植物 Monocots |
| 目： | 天门冬目 Asparagales |
| 科： | 兰科 Orchidaceae |
| 亚科： | 杓兰亚科 Cypripedioideae |
| 属： | 兜兰属 Paphiopedilum Pfitzer, 1886 |
| 亚属 | |
|
5个，详见内文 | |
| 多样性 | |
| [[见正文|约80个物种]] | |
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| 异名 | |
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Cordula Raf. | |
1886年，德国植物学家乌戈·恩斯特海因里希‧辉瑞（Ernst Hugo Heinrich Pfitzer，1846~1906）将喜普鞋兰属（Cypripedium）中的一群物种分离出来，独立为一个新属。它与全北区的亲缘属喜普鞋兰属（Cypripedium）曾被认为是同一属。兜兰属在1959年被定为一有效分类单元。
下属物种
本属包括以下物种：
- 小萼亚属 Parvisepalum
- 杏黄兜兰 Paphiopedilum armeniacum S.C. Chen & F.Y. Liu, 1982 金童拖鞋兰
- Paphiopedilum delenatii Guillaumin 1924 德氏拖鞋兰
- 白花兜兰 Paphiopedilum emersonii Koop. & P.J. Cribb 1986 爱默森拖鞋兰
- Paphiopedilum × fanaticum Koop. & N.Haseg. 1992 梵天拖鞋兰
- Paphiopedilum × glanzii O.Gruss & Perner 2006 葛兰斯拖鞋兰
- 绿叶兜兰 Paphiopedilum hangianum Perner & Gruss 1999 汉姬拖鞋兰
- Paphiopedilum jackii H.S.Hua 1995 杰克拖鞋兰
- 麻栗坡兜兰 Paphiopedilum malipoense S.C. Chen & Tsi 1984 麻栗坡拖鞋兰
- 硬叶兜兰 Paphiopedilum micranthum Tang & Wang 1951 玉女拖鞋兰
- 越南拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum vietnamense O. Gruss & Perner 1999
- 短瓣亚属 Brachypetalum
- 巨瓣兜兰 Paphiopedilum bellatulum (Rchb.f)Stein 1892 美丽拖鞋兰
- 同色兜兰 Paphiopedilum concolor (Bateman) Pfitzer 1888 同色拖鞋兰
- 云南兜兰 Paphiopedilum godefroyae (Godefroy Lebeuf) Stein 1892 戈弗雷拖鞋兰
- 白唇拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum leucochilum (Rolfe) Fowlie, 1975
- 雪白拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum niveum (Rchb.f) Stein, 1892
- 泰莲拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum thaianum Iamwir., 2006
- 文山拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum × wenshanense Z.J.Liu & J.Yong Zhang 2000
- 多花亚属 Polyantha
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- 多花节 Section Polyantha
- 亚德拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum adductum Asher 1983，马面拖鞋兰
- 雅尼拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum anitum Golamco 1998
- 巨叶拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum gigantifolium Braem, Baker & Baker 1997
- 腺瓣拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum glanduliferum (Blume) Pfitzer 1895
- 科罗拔拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum kolopakingii Fowlie 1984
- 黄氏拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum ooii Koop. 1999
- 菲律宾拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum philippinense (Rchb.f) Stein 1892
- 超群拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum praestans (Rchb.f) Pfitz 1894
- 兰德拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum randsii Fowlie 1969
- 罗贝伦拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum roebbelenii (Rchb.f) Pfitzer 1894
- 罗氏兜兰 Paphiopedilum rothschildianum (Rchb. f.) Stein 1892，洛斯拖鞋兰
- 桑德拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum sanderianum (Rchb. f.) Stein 1895
- 史东拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum stonei (Hook. f.) Pfitzer 1895
- 苏帕迪拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum supardii Braem & Lob 1985
- 阔叶拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum platyphyllum T.Yukawa 2001
- 威廉明娜拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum wilhelminae L.O.Williams 1942
- 长瓣节 Section Pardalopetalum
- 长瓣兜兰 Paphiopedilum dianthum Tang & Wang 1940 双花拖鞋兰／长瓣拖鞋兰
- 飘带兜兰 Paphiopedilum parishii (Rchb.f) Stein 1894 派瑞许拖鞋兰
- 哈伊纳拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum haynaldianum (Rchb.f.) Stein 1892 ，细瓣拖鞋兰
- 印坦拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum intaniae Cavestro 2000，苏岛拖鞋兰
- 洛氏拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum lowii (Lindl.) Pfitzer 1895
- 理查德拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum richardianum Asher & Beaman 1988
- 拖鞋兰亚属 Paphiopedilum
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- 拖鞋兰节 Section Paphiopedilum
- Paphiopedilum × affine De Wild. 1906
- 砖色拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum coccineum
- 根茎拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum × areeanum O.Gruss 2001
- Paphiopedilum × aspersum Aver. 2002
- 小叶兜兰 Paphiopedilum barbigerum T. Tang & F.T. Wang 1940 小叶拖鞋兰
- 柏萨尔拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum boxalli (Rchb. f.) Pfitzer 1888
- 查尔斯拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum charlesworthii (Rolfe) Pfitzer 1895
- Paphiopedilum charlesworthii var. lannaense W. Tongkham, S. Pumikong, N. Potapohn & W. Bundithya, 2022[1]
- Paphiopedilum cornutum Z.J.Liu, O.Gruss & L.J.Chen 2011
- 砖色拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum coccineum Perner & R.Herrm. 2000
- 克里布拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum × cribbii Aver. 2006
- 德鲁氏拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum druryi (Bedd.) Pfitzer 1895
- 大勒拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum × dalatense Aver. 2002
- 狭叶拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum exul (Ridl.) Rolfe 1896
- 菲尔瑞拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum fairrieanum (Lindley) Stein 1892 [2]
- 葛拉提斯拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum gratrixianum Rolfe 1905
- 海伦兜兰 Paphiopedilum helenae Aver. 1996 海伦拖鞋兰，巧花兜兰
- 亨利兜兰 Paphiopedilum henryanum Braem 1987 亨利拖鞋兰
- 禾曼兜兰 Paphiopedilum × herrmannii F.Fuchs & H.Reisinger 1995 赫尔曼拖鞋兰
- 带叶兜兰 Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum (Lindl. ex Hook. f.) Pfitzer 1892 毛花拖鞋兰
- 虎克拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum hookerae (Rchb. f.) Pfitzer 1895
- 波瓣兜兰 Paphiopedilum insigne (Lindley) Pfitz 1888 波瓣拖鞋兰
- Paphiopedilum × nitens Z.J.Liu, O.Gruss & L.J.Chen 2011
- 史拜瑟拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum spicerianum (Rchb.f) Pfitz. 1888
- 中华紫毛拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum × sinovillosum Z.J.Liu & S.C.Chen 2004
- 虎纹拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum tigrinum Koop. & N. Hasegawa 1990
- 泉氏拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum tranlienianum O.Gruss & H.Perner 1998
- 紫毛兜兰 Paphiopedilum villosum (Lindl.) Pfitzer 1895 紫毛拖鞋兰
- Paphiopedilum vejvarutianum O.Gruss & Roellke 2003
- 无量山拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum × wuliangshanicum Z.J.Liu, O.Gruss & L.J.Chen 2011
- 盈江拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum × yingjiangense Z.J.Liu & S.C.Chen 2007
- 须毛节 Section Barbata
- Paphiopedilum anitanum Cavestro 2017 安塔拖鞋兰
- 卷萼兜兰 Paphiopedilum argus (Rchb. f.) Stein 1892 阿戈斯拖鞋兰
- 卷萼兜兰 Paphiopedilum appletonianum (Gower) Rolfe 1896 阿普尔顿拖鞋兰
- 齿唇拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum acmodontum M.W. Wood 1976
- 阿格斯拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum agusii Cavestro & N. Bougourd 2017
- 须毛拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum barbatum (Lindl.) Pfitzer 1888
- 布伦拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum bullenianum [Rchb.f] Pfitzer 1894
- 布干维尔拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum bougainvilleanum Fowlie 1971
- 布拉姆拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum braemii H. Mohr 1989
- Paphiopedilum bungebelangi Metusala[3]
- 瘤瓣拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum callosum (Rchb. f.) Stein 1892
- 耿氏拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum canhii Aver. & O.Gruss 2010
- 短毛拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum ciliolare (Rchb. f.) Stein 1892
- 柯蒂斯拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum curtisii (Rchb. f.) Pfitzer 1895
- 戴氏拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum dayanum (Rchb. f.) Pfitzer 1895
- 福利拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum fowliei Birk 1981
- Paphiopedilum hennisianum (M.W. Wood) Fowlie 1977 亨尼斯拖鞋兰
- Paphiopedilum inamorii P.J.Cribb & A.L.Lamb 2011 稻盛拖鞋兰
- 爪哇拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum javanicum (Reinw. ex Blume) Pfitzer 1888
- 盖洛格拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum × kimballianum (Rchb.f.) Rolfe 1896
- 劳伦斯拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum lawrenceanum (Rchb. f.) Pfitzer 1888
- Paphiopedilum lunatum Metusala[3]
- 伦鲁安拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum rungsuriyanum O.Gruss, Rungruang, Chaisur. & Dionisio, 2014[4]
- 麦斯特拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum mastersianum (Rchb. f.) Pfitzer 1895
- 深褐拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum nigritum (Rchb. f.) Pfitzer 1896
- 巴布亚拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum papuanum (Ridl. ex Rendle) L.O. Williams 1946
- 帕娜塔拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum parnatanum Cavestro, 1999
- 紫纹兜兰 Paphiopedilum purpuratum (Lindley) Stein, 1894 紫纹拖鞋兰
- 普拉德拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum × pradhanii Pradhan, 1979
- 伦鲁安拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum rungsuriyanum O.Gruss, Rungruang, Chaisur. & Dionisio 2014
- 罗宾森拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum robinsonianum Cavestro 2014 publ. 2013 [5]
- 颂氏拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum sangii Braem 1987
- 施洛赛拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum schoseri Braem & H.Mohr 1988
- 椙山拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum sugiyamanum Cavestro 2001
- 萨卡库拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum sukhakulii Schoser & Senghas 1965
- 优秀拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum superbiens (Rchb. f.) Pfitzer 1895
- 暹罗拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum × siamensis (Rolfe) Rolfe 189
- 秃瓣拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum tonsum (Rchb. f.) Pfitzer 1895
- 儿本拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum urbanianum Fowlie 1981
- 秀丽兜兰 Paphiopedilum venustum [Wall. ex Sims] Pfitz. 1888, 维纳斯拖鞋兰[2]
- 堇色拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum violascens Schltr. 1911
- 诺让拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum volonteanum (Sander) Stein 1892
- 葡色拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum viniferum Koop. & N.Haseg. 2000
- 彩云兜兰 Paphiopedilum wardii Summerhayes 1932 沃德拖鞋兰
- 温特沃斯拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum wentworthianum Schoser & Fowlie 1968
- 苏荷曼拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum zulhermanianum Cavestro 2017
- 旋瓣亚属 Cochlopetalum
- 张伯伦拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum chamberlainianum (O'Brien) Pfitzer 1895
- 多迪拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum dodyanum Cavestro 2017
- 灰叶兜兰 Paphiopedilum glaucophyllum (J.J.Smith.) Pfitzer 1900 灰叶拖鞋兰
- 林姆拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum liemianum (Fowlie) Karas. & Saito 1982
- 莫迪格拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum moquetteanum (J.J. Sm.) Fowlie 1980
- 樱草拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum primulinum M.W. Wood & P. Taylor 1973
- 圣母拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum victoria-mariae (Rolfe) Rolfe 1896
- 女王拖鞋兰 Paphiopedilum victoria-regina (Sander) M.W. Wood 1976
- 地位未定
- Paphiopedilum myanmaricum Koopowitz, Iamwir. & Laohap[6]
- Paphiopedilum notatisepalum Z. J. Liu, M. Wang & S. R. Lan[7]
- Paphiopedilum papilio-laoticus Schuit., Luang Aphay & Iio[8]
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波瓣兜兰
Paphiopedilum insigne -
巨瓣兜兰
Paphiopedilum bellatulum -
卷萼兜兰
Paphiopedilum appletonianum -
-
白旗兜兰
Paphiopedilum spicerianum -
苏氏兜兰
Paphiopedilum sukhakulii -
罗氏兜兰
Paphiopedilum rothschildianum -
梵天拖鞋兰
Paphiopedilum × fanaticum -
雪白兜兰
Paphiopedilum niveum
- ^ Wicharuj Tongkham, Supalak Pumikong, Nuttha Potapohn and Weenun Bundithya. 2022. Paphiopedilum charlesworthii var. lannaense, A New Slipper Orchid from Northern Thailand identified by morphological and AFLP analyses. Phytotaxa. 531(1); 1-17. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.531.1.1
- ^ 2.0 2.1 Dhan Bahadur Gurung, Nima Gyeltshen, Kezang Tobgay, Stig Dalström, Jangchu Wangdi, Bhakta Bahadur Ghalley, Lekey Chaida, Phuntsho, Ngawang Gyeltshen, Kelzang Dawa, Tandin Wangchuk, Rebecca Pradhan, Thomas Hoijer and Choki Gyeltshen. 2019. Distribution and Habitats of Paphiopedilum Pfitzer (Orchidaceae) known to Occur in Bhutan. Journal of Threatened Taxa. 11(9); 14101-14111. DOI: 10.11609/jott.3431.11.9.14101-14111
- ^ 3.0 3.1 D. Metusala. 2017. Two New Species of Paphiopedilum (Orchidaceae: Cypripedioideae) Section Barbata from Sumatra, Indonesia. Edinburgh Journal of Botany. 74(1); 1-10. DOI: 10.1017/S0960428617000063
- ^ Olaf Gruß, Niwat Rungruang, Yongyouth Chaisuriyakul and Ibn Dionisio. Paphiopedilum rungsuriyanum, a new species discovered in Northern-Laos. [Paphiopedilum rungsuriyanum, eine neue Art aus Nord-Laos]. OrchideenJournal.
- ^ Cavestro W. 2014. Paphiopedilum robinsonianum sp. nov. Rhône-Alpes Orchidées. 52 : 10-15.
- ^ Harold Koopowitz, Prapanth Iamwiriyakul and Srisuda Laohapatcharin. 2017. Paphiopedilum myanmaricum, A New Species of Slipper Orchid (Cypripedioideae, Orchidaceae). Phytotaxa. 324(1); 97–100. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.324.1.9
- ^ Meina Wang, Si-Ren Lan and Zhong-Jian Liu. 2017. Paphiopedilum notatisepalum, A New Species of Slipper Orchid (Cypripedioideae, Orchidaceae) from China based on Morphological and DNA Evidence. Phytotaxa. 302(2); 156 – 164. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.302.2.5
- ^ Andre Schuiteman, Sulvng Luang Aphay and Shunsuke Iio. 2018. Paphiopedilum papilio-laoticus (Orchidaceae), A New Species from Laos. Orchideen Journal. 6(4); 1-21. orchideen-journal.de/permalink/OrchideenJournal_Vol6_4.pdf