格鲁吉亚被占领领土

格鲁吉亚被占领领土（格鲁吉亚语：საქართველოს ოკუპირებული ტერიტორიები；俄语：Оккупированные Россией территории Грузии）是指2008年南奧塞梯战争之后，俄罗斯军事占领的格鲁吉亚领土，主要包括阿布哈兹和南奧塞梯。阿布哈兹和南奧塞梯虽然在名义上是独立国家，但实际上在政治和军事方面都和俄罗斯一体化。格鲁吉亚拒绝承认俄罗斯占领这些领土合法。这些领土占格鲁吉亚总面积的20%。

2008年10月23日，格鲁吉亚议会通过了《关于被占领土的法律》，法律上的名称为阿布哈兹自治共和国和茨欣瓦利地区以及邻近地区，在被俄罗斯实际控制的南奥塞梯和阿布哈兹领土上建立了一个特殊的法律制度。因格鲁吉亚政府早在1991年就废除了“南奥塞梯自治州”，原南奥塞梯的领土被划入内卡尔特利、姆茨赫塔-姆蒂亚内蒂、拉恰-列其呼米和下斯瓦内蒂和伊梅雷蒂四个大区，格鲁吉亚和国际社会普遍称其为“茨欣瓦利及临近地区”。

根据格鲁吉亚被占领土法令，外国访客如果需要访问阿布哈兹和南奧塞梯，必须分别从祖格迪迪和哥里两个边境口岸入境，如果从其他口岸或俄罗斯一端入境阿布哈兹与南奥赛梯则是违法行为。^[1]

除俄罗斯之外，几乎所有联合国成员国均承认格鲁吉亚对被占领土的主权，且国际媒体在报道上述区域时也广泛使用“格鲁吉亚被占领领土”一称。^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10]^[11]^[12]^[13]^[14]

参见

参考文献

^ ოკუპირებული ტერიტორიების შესახებ. Legislative Herald of Georgia. [2022-03-08]. （原始内容存档于2022-01-06）（英语）. 1. Foreign citizens and stateless persons shall be allowed to enter the occupied territories only through the below route: a) Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia – from Zugdidi municipality direction; b) Tskhinvali region (the territories of the former South Ossetian Autonomous Region) – from Gori municipality direction. 2. Entry of the occupied territories by foreign citizens and stateless persons from any other direction, except from those defined in the first paragraph of this article, shall be prohibited and be punishable under the Criminal Code of Georgia.
^ La Géorgie redoute une intervention russe. Le Figaro. 20 June 2012 [2024-06-02]. （原始内容存档于2012-06-21）（法语）.
^ Luke Coffey. Four years later -- seeking a peaceful end to the Russian occupation. Fox News. 31 August 2012 [2024-06-02]. （原始内容存档于2012-08-31）.
^ Biden Says U.S. Will Not Recognize Abkhazia, South Ossetia. RFE/RL. 2 February 2013 [2024-06-02]. （原始内容存档于2016-03-04）.
^ Hopeful Georgia takes baby steps towards EU. Al Jazeera. 30 November 2013 [2024-06-02]. （原始内容存档于2018-10-24）.
^ Obama warns Moscow of 'costs' over Ukraine. Financial Times. 28 February 2014 [2024-06-02]. （原始内容存档于2014-03-02）.
^ Putin's takeover of Crimea is part of a larger strategy. The Washington Post. 3 March 2014 [2024-06-02]. （原始内容存档于2014-03-04）.
^ 6 Unintended Consequences From The West's Passive Response To The Ukraine Invasion. Forbes. 5 March 2014 [2024-06-02]. （原始内容存档于2014-03-08）.
^ Steven Erlanger. NATO Steps Back Into the U.S.S.R.. The New York Times. 22 May 2014 [2024-06-02]. （原始内容存档于2020-02-27）.
^ E.U. signs Ukraine association deal, puts off sanctions till Monday. Fortune. 27 June 2014 [2024-06-02]. （原始内容存档于2014-06-30）.
^ In Russia's Shadow: Searching for the Roots of the Georgia Problem. Spiegel Online International. 15 July 2014 [2024-06-02]. （原始内容存档于2014-07-18）.
^ Analysis: Ukraine cease-fire a victory for Putin. USA Today. 6 September 2014 [2024-06-02]. （原始内容存档于2014-09-06）.
^ US TO HELP GEORGIA BOOST ITS DEFENSES. Associated Press. 7 September 2014 [10 September 2014]. （原始内容存档于10 September 2014）.
^ US, Europe at odds over NATO expansion. Deutsche Welle. 9 September 2014 [2024-06-02]. （原始内容存档于2014-09-10）.

[1] ოკუპირებული ტერიტორიების შესახებ. Legislative Herald of Georgia. [2022-03-08]. （原始内容存档于2022-01-06）（英语）. 1. Foreign citizens and stateless persons shall be allowed to enter the occupied territories only through the below route: a) Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia – from Zugdidi municipality direction; b) Tskhinvali region (the territories of the former South Ossetian Autonomous Region) – from Gori municipality direction. 2. Entry of the occupied territories by foreign citizens and stateless persons from any other direction, except from those defined in the first paragraph of this article, shall be prohibited and be punishable under the Criminal Code of Georgia.

[2] La Géorgie redoute une intervention russe. Le Figaro. 20 June 2012 [2024-06-02]. （原始内容存档于2012-06-21）（法语）.

[3] Luke Coffey. Four years later -- seeking a peaceful end to the Russian occupation. Fox News. 31 August 2012 [2024-06-02]. （原始内容存档于2012-08-31）.

[4] Biden Says U.S. Will Not Recognize Abkhazia, South Ossetia. RFE/RL. 2 February 2013 [2024-06-02]. （原始内容存档于2016-03-04）.

[5] Hopeful Georgia takes baby steps towards EU. Al Jazeera. 30 November 2013 [2024-06-02]. （原始内容存档于2018-10-24）.

[6] Obama warns Moscow of 'costs' over Ukraine. Financial Times. 28 February 2014 [2024-06-02]. （原始内容存档于2014-03-02）.

[7] Putin's takeover of Crimea is part of a larger strategy. The Washington Post. 3 March 2014 [2024-06-02]. （原始内容存档于2014-03-04）.

[8] 6 Unintended Consequences From The West's Passive Response To The Ukraine Invasion. Forbes. 5 March 2014 [2024-06-02]. （原始内容存档于2014-03-08）.

[9] Steven Erlanger. NATO Steps Back Into the U.S.S.R.. The New York Times. 22 May 2014 [2024-06-02]. （原始内容存档于2020-02-27）.

[10] E.U. signs Ukraine association deal, puts off sanctions till Monday. Fortune. 27 June 2014 [2024-06-02]. （原始内容存档于2014-06-30）.

[11] In Russia's Shadow: Searching for the Roots of the Georgia Problem. Spiegel Online International. 15 July 2014 [2024-06-02]. （原始内容存档于2014-07-18）.

[12] Analysis: Ukraine cease-fire a victory for Putin. USA Today. 6 September 2014 [2024-06-02]. （原始内容存档于2014-09-06）.

[13] US TO HELP GEORGIA BOOST ITS DEFENSES. Associated Press. 7 September 2014 [10 September 2014]. （原始内容存档于10 September 2014）.

[14] US, Europe at odds over NATO expansion. Deutsche Welle. 9 September 2014 [2024-06-02]. （原始内容存档于2014-09-10）.

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