维基百科

左旋甲基苯丙胺


左旋甲基苯丙胺 (levomethamphetamine)[note 1]又称左旋甲基安非他命，是右旋甲基苯丙胺的光学异构体。左旋甲基苯丙胺是拟交感神经血管收缩剂，是一些非处方(OTC) 鼻腔去阻塞吸入剂（英语：nasal decongestant）的活性成分[note 2]。

左旋甲基苯丙胺
临床资料
给药途径医用 :吸入(鼻腔)
娱乐用 :口服 静脉注射, insufflation,吸入 栓剂
法律规范状态
法律规范
药物动力学数据
药物代谢肝脏
排泄途径肾
识别信息
  • (R)-N-methyl-1-phenyl-propan-2-amine
CAS号33817-09-3  checkY
PubChem CID
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
CompTox Dashboard（英语：CompTox Chemicals Dashboard） (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard100.046.974 编辑维基数据链接
化学信息
化学式C10H15N
摩尔质量149.2
3D模型（JSmol（英语：JSmol））
  • N([C@@H](Cc1ccccc1)C)C
  • InChI=1S/C10H15N/c1-9(11-2)8-10-6-4-3-5-7-10/h3-7,9,11H,8H2,1-2H3/t9-/m1/s1 checkY
  • Key:MYWUZJCMWCOHBA-SECBINFHSA-N checkY
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药理学特性

左旋甲基苯丙胺可穿越血脑屏障并作为TAAR1激动剂（英语：TAAR1 agonist）[3]，也作为去甲肾上腺素释放剂（英语：norepinephrine releasing agent） (对多巴胺系统较无影响[4])。它跟右旋甲基苯丙胺一样影响中枢神经系统，但作用方式不同[5]。不同于右旋甲基苯丙胺，它在低剂量没有造成欣快或成瘾的特性[5][6][4]。在他的几项生理作用中，血管收缩作用使其可用于去鼻腔阻塞喷剂[7]。

左旋甲基苯丙胺的半衰期约为13.3至15小时，右旋甲基苯丙胺则为10.5小时[8]。

参见

注释

  1. ^ 其他名字包含l-methamphetamine, levodesoxyephedrine, l-desoxyephedrine, levmetamfetamine (INN and USAN).
  2. ^ The active ingredient in some OTC inhalers in the United States is listed as levmetamfetamine, the INN and USAN of levomethamphetamine.[1][2]

参考资料

  1. ^ CFR TITLE 21: DRUGS FOR HUMAN USE: PART 341 -- COLD, COUGH, ALLERGY, BRONCHODILATOR, AND ANTIASTHMATIC DRUG PRODUCTS FOR OVER-THE-COUNTER HUMAN USE. United States Food and Drug Administration. April 2015 [7 March 2016]. （原始内容存档于2019-12-25）. Topical nasal decongestants --(i) For products containing levmetamfetamine identified in 341.20(b)(1) when used in an inhalant dosage form. The product delivers in each 800 milliliters of air 0.04 to 0.150 milligrams of levmetamfetamine. 
  2. ^ Levomethamphetamine. Pubchem Compound. National Center for Biotechnology Information. [2 January 2014]. （原始内容存档于2014-10-06）. 
  3. ^ Levmetamfetamine. PubChem Compound. NCBI. [17 October 2014]. （原始内容存档于2014-10-18）. 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 Kuczenski, R; Segal, DS; Cho, AK; Melega, W. Hippocampus norepinephrine, caudate dopamine and serotonin, and behavioral responses to the stereoisomers of amphetamine and methamphetamine. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience. February 1995, 15 (2): 1308–17. PMID 7869099. 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 Melega, WP; Cho, AK; Schmitz, D; Kuczenski, R; Segal, DS. l-methamphetamine pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics for assessment of in vivo deprenyl-derived l-methamphetamine. The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. February 1999, 288 (2): 752–8. PMID 9918585. 
  6. ^ Mendelson J, Uemura N, Harris D, Nath RP, Fernandez E, Jacob P, Everhart ET, Jones RT. Human pharmacology of the methamphetamine stereoisomers. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. October 2006, 80 (4): 403–20. PMID 17015058. doi:10.1016/j.clpt.2006.06.013. 
  7. ^ {{cite web | author=Pray SW | title=Nonprescription Products to Avoid With Hypertension | work=uspharmacist.com | accessdate=17 October 2014 | url=http://www.uspharmacist.com/content/d/consult_your_pharmacist/c/19370/ （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） | quote=Topical Nasal Decongestants
  8. ^ Mendelson J, Uemura N, Harris D, et al. Human pharmacology of the methamphetamine stereoisomers. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. October 2006, 80 (4): 403–20. PMID 17015058. doi:10.1016/j.clpt.2006.06.013. 
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