桩菇属

网褶菌属
	卷缘桩菇
科学分类
界：	真菌界 Fungi
门：	担子菌门 Basidiomycota
纲：	伞菌纲 Agaricomycetes
目：	牛肝菌目 Boletales
科：	网褶菌科 Paxillaceae
属：	网褶菌属 Paxillus; Fr. (1835)
模式种
	卷缘桩菇 Paxillus involutus; (Batsch) Fr. (1838)
异名
	Ruthea Opat. (1836); Rhymovis Pers. ex Rabenh. (1844); Paxillopsis E.-J.Gilbert (1931); Parapaxillus Singer (1942);

桩菇属（学名：Paxillus，意为小型的木桩^[2]），是牛肝菌目网褶菌科的一个属。本属物种生长在土让或腐木上，有些物种具有蕈柄，有些则无。有别于典型牛肝菌目物种，网褶菌科的物种具有蕈褶，其中本属的蕈褶常沿蕈柄向下延伸，且容易与蕈伞分离。蕈伞初长成时边缘会稍微往内卷曲。孢子印颜色为黄棕色至橄榄黄色，担孢子表面平滑^[3]。本属多数物种有毒而不可食用，其中模式种卷缘桩菇过去在中欧、东欧被认为是可食的，后来才发现其毒性足以致命^[2]。

桩菇属的物种常与树木形成外菌根（英语：ectomycorrhiza），是最常被用来研究外菌根的模式生物之一，其中又以卷缘桩菇为大宗。卷缘桩菇与绒毛桩菇（英语：Paxillus rubicundulus）的基因组均已被完整定序^[4]。

物种

截至2018年10月，真菌数据库Index Fungorum共记录了本属38种物种^[5]^[6]。

Paxillus albidulus
亚马逊桩菇 Paxillus amazonicus
Paxillus ammoniavirescens
奥尔桩菇（瑞典语：Paxillus atraetopus） Paxillus atraetopus
Paxillus brunneotomentosus
Paxillus chalybaeus
Paxillus coffeaceus
Paxillus defibulatus
Paxillus fasciculatus
Paxillus fechtneri
丝桩菇 Paxillus filamentosus
Paxillus guttatus
Paxillus gymnopus
Paxillus hortensis
Paxillus ianthinophyllus
卷缘桩菇 Paxillus involutus，卷边桩菇
Paxillus ionipus
Paxillus leoninus
Paxillus maculatus
Paxillus minutesquamulosus
Paxillus obscurisporus
Paxillus ochraceus
东方桩菇 Paxillus orientalis^[7]
Paxillus pahangensis
Paxillus piperatus
Paxillus polychrous
皱褶桩菇 Paxillus rhytidophyllus
Paxillus robiniae
绒毛桩菇（英语：Paxillus rubicundulus） Paxillus rubicundulus
Paxillus scleropus
Paxillus serbicus
Paxillus squamosus
Paxillus validus
Paxillus velenovskyi
Paxillusvernalis
滇桩菇 Paxillus yunnanensis
Paxillus zerovae

参考资料

^ Paxillus Fr. 1835. MycoBank. International Mycological Association. [201-7-01].
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 Smith AH, Weber NS. The Mushroom Hunter's Field Guide. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press. 1980: 211. ISBN 978-0-472-85610-7.
^ Alan Bessette, Arleen Rainis Bessette, David William Fischer. Mushrooms of Northeastern North America. Syracuse University Press. 1997: 219 [2018-10-21]. ISBN 0815603886. （原始内容存档于2021-02-14）.
^ Jargeat P, Chaumeton JP, Navaud O, Vizzini A, Gryta H. The Paxillus involutus (Boletales, Paxillaceae) complex in Europe: Genetic diversity and morphological description of the new species Paxillus cuprinus, typification of P. involutus s.s., and synthesis of species boundaries 118 (1). Fungal Biology: 12-31. 2014. doi:10.1016/j.funbio.2013.10.008.
^ Kirk PM. Species Fungorum (version 26th May 2015). In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. [2015-05-23]. （原始内容存档于2021-02-14）.
^ 译名参考：中国生物多样性红色名录—大型真菌卷 (PDF). 中国科学院生态环境部: 288. 2018-05 [2018-10-21]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2018-09-12）.
^ Matteo Gelardi, Alfredo Vizzini, Egon Horak, Enrico Ercole, Samuele Voyron, Gang Wu. Paxillus orientalis sPaxillus nov. (Paxillaceae, Boletales) from south-western China based on morphological and molecular data and proposal of the new subgenus Alnopaxillus 13 (2). Mycological Progress: 333-342. doi:10.1007/s11557-013-0919-1.

[urlMycoBank:_Paxillus-1] Paxillus Fr. 1835. MycoBank. International Mycological Association. [201-7-01].

[Smith1980-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Smith AH, Weber NS. The Mushroom Hunter's Field Guide. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press. 1980: 211. ISBN 978-0-472-85610-7.

[3] Alan Bessette, Arleen Rainis Bessette, David William Fischer. Mushrooms of Northeastern North America. Syracuse University Press. 1997: 219 [2018-10-21]. ISBN 0815603886. （原始内容存档于2021-02-14）.

[4] Jargeat P, Chaumeton JP, Navaud O, Vizzini A, Gryta H. The Paxillus involutus (Boletales, Paxillaceae) complex in Europe: Genetic diversity and morphological description of the new species Paxillus cuprinus, typification of P. involutus s.s., and synthesis of species boundaries 118 (1). Fungal Biology: 12-31. 2014. doi:10.1016/j.funbio.2013.10.008.

[Fungorum/CoL-5] Kirk PM. Species Fungorum (version 26th May 2015). In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. [2015-05-23]. （原始内容存档于2021-02-14）.

[6] 译名参考：中国生物多样性红色名录—大型真菌卷 (PDF). 中国科学院生态环境部: 288. 2018-05 [2018-10-21]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2018-09-12）.

[7] Matteo Gelardi, Alfredo Vizzini, Egon Horak, Enrico Ercole, Samuele Voyron, Gang Wu. Paxillus orientalis sPaxillus nov. (Paxillaceae, Boletales) from south-western China based on morphological and molecular data and proposal of the new subgenus Alnopaxillus 13 (2). Mycological Progress: 333-342. doi:10.1007/s11557-013-0919-1.

[2]

[3]

[1]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]