洞穴
地下的通道或空间
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洞穴(洞、洞窟)是指地底的通道或空间,可进入其中,形成方式可能是水的侵蚀作用,或是风与微生物等其他外力的风化作用,许多自然界的洞穴是形成于石灰岩地带,为溶洞(钟乳洞),另有一种相似的地形,称为石棚。全球约有180万个洞穴[1]。
根据光照强度,洞穴可大致分为三个区域:洞口带、弱光带和黑暗带[2]。
人工洞穴
参见
参考文献
- ^ Monro, Alexandre K.; Bystriakova, Nadia; Fu, Longfei; Wen, Fang; Wei, Yigang. Discovery of a diverse cave flora in China. PLOS ONE. 2018-02-07, 13 (2): e0190801. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0190801.
- ^ Fu, Longfei; Monro, Alexandre K.; Wei, Yigang. Cataloguing vascular plant diversity of karst caves in China. Biodiversity Science. 2022-07-20, 30 (7): 21537. doi:10.17520/biods.2021537.
外部链接
- Australian Speleological Federation (ASF) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), AU
- British Caving Association (BCA) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), UK
- Classification of Caves (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) A list of cave types with links to further information
- Journal of Cave and Karst Studies (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- National Speleological Society (NSS) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), US
- International Union of Speleology (UIS) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆).
- Speleological Abstract (SA/BBS) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) An annual review of the world's speleological literature.
- The Virtual Cave (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) Photographs of many types of caves.
- Welcome to Cave Biology (Biospeleology) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) To popularize the field Biospeleology among other Biologists
- Malaysian caves and limestone hills
- Indonesian Gaming Online 2024 (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) For Indonesian Gamers Online