硅的同位素
硅（原子量：28.0855(3)）共有23个已知同位素，质量数介于22-44之间，其中有3个是稳定的，其他都具有放射性。天然存在的硅同位素有5个，分别是稳定的28Si、29Si、30Si和具放射性的31Si及32Si，31Si及32Si在自然界中仅痕量存在，为宇宙射线散裂所产生。其余同位素都不出现在自然界中，只有在实验室制造出来过，且半衰期都极短，非常不稳定。
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| 标准原子质量 (Ar, 标准) |
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图表
| 符号 | Z | N | 同位素质量（u）[2] [n 1][n 2] |
半衰期 [n 1][n 2] |
衰变 方式[3] |
衰变 产物 [n 3] |
原子核 自旋[n 1] |
相对丰度 （莫耳分率）[n 2] |
相对丰度 的变化量 （莫耳分率） |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 22Si | 14 | 8 | 22.03611(54)# | 29(2) ms | β+ (68%) | 22Al | 0+ | ||
| β+, p (32%) | 21Mg | ||||||||
| 23Si | 14 | 9 | 23.02571(54)# | 42.3(4) ms | β+ | 23Al | 3/2+# | ||
| 24Si | 14 | 10 | 24.011535(21) | 140(8) ms | β+ (92%) | 24Al | 0+ | ||
| β+, p (8%) | 23Mg | ||||||||
| 25Si | 14 | 11 | 25.004109(11) | 220(3) ms | β+ (63.19%) | 25Al | 5/2+ | ||
| β+, p (36.8%) | 24Mg | ||||||||
| 26Si | 14 | 12 | 25.99233382(12) | 2.234(13) s | β+ | 26Al | 0+ | ||
| 27Si | 14 | 13 | 26.98670469(12) | 4.16(2) s | β+ | 27Al | 5/2+ | ||
| 28Si | 14 | 14 | 27.9769265344(6) | 稳定 | 0+ | 0.92223(19) | 0.92205–0.92241 | ||
| 29Si | 14 | 15 | 28.9764946643(6) | 稳定 | 1/2+ | 0.04685(8) | 0.04678–0.04692 | ||
| 30Si | 14 | 16 | 29.973770137(23) | 稳定 | 0+ | 0.03092(11) | 0.03082–0.03102 | ||
| 31Si | 14 | 17 | 30.97536320(5) | 157.3(3) min | β− | 31P | 3/2+ | ||
| 32Si | 14 | 18 | 31.9741515(3) | 153(19) y | β− | 32P | 0+ | 痕量或天然放射性 | 宇宙成因 |
| 33Si | 14 | 19 | 32.9779770(8) | 6.18(18) s | β− | 33P | (3/2+) | ||
| 34Si | 14 | 20 | 33.9785380(9) | 2.77(20) s | β− | 34P | 0+ | ||
| 35Si | 14 | 21 | 34.98455(4) | 780(120) ms | β− (94.74%) | 35P | 7/2−# | ||
| β−, n (5.26%) | 34P | ||||||||
| 36Si | 14 | 22 | 35.98665(8) | 0.45(6) s | β− (88%) | 36P | 0+ | ||
| β−, n (12%) | 35P | ||||||||
| 37Si | 14 | 23 | 36.99295(12) | 90(60) ms | β− (83%) | 37P | (7/2−)# | ||
| β−, n (17%) | 36P | ||||||||
| 38Si | 14 | 24 | 37.99552(11) | 90# ms [>1 µs] | β−, n | 37P | 0+ | ||
| β− | 38P | ||||||||
| 39Si | 14 | 25 | 39.00249(15) | 47.5(20) ms | β− | 39P | 7/2−# | ||
| 40Si | 14 | 26 | 40.00608(13) | 33.0(10) ms | β− | 40P | 0+ | ||
| 41Si | 14 | 27 | 41.01417(32)# | 20.0(25) ms | β− | 41P | 7/2−# | ||
| 42Si | 14 | 28 | 42.01808(32)# | 13(4) ms | β− | 42P | 0+ | ||
| 43Si | 14 | 29 | 43.02612(43)# | 15# ms [>260 ns] | 3/2−# | ||||
| 44Si | 14 | 30 | 44.03147(54)# | 10# ms | 0+ | ||||
| ← | 同位素列表 | → |
| 铝的同位素 | 硅的同位素 | 磷的同位素 |
参考文献
- ^ Meija, Juris; et al. Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2016, 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
- ^ Wang, Meng; Huang, W.J.; Kondev, F.G.; Audi, G.; Naimi, S. The AME 2020 atomic mass evaluation (II). Tables, graphs and references. Chinese Physics C. 2021, 45 (3): 030003. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddaf.
- ^ Universal Nuclide Chart
. Nucleonica. [2014-12-02]. （原始内容存档于2017-02-19）.
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- Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from these sources. Editing notes on this article's talk page.
- Audi, Bersillon, Blachot, Wapstra. The Nubase2003 evaluation of nuclear and decay properties （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Nuc. Phys. A 729, pp. 3-128 (2003).
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