脑垂腺柄

脑垂腺柄pituitary stalkinfundibular stalkFenderson's funnelinfundibulum)是下丘脑和脑垂腺后叶英语Posterior pituitary之间的连接部分。第三脑室英语Third ventricle底部因向下延伸而形成漏斗状的凹陷部分,进入到垂体顶点附着的漏斗部[1]。它会穿过轴突硬脑膜,因为它携带的轴突从下丘脑的巨型细胞神经分泌细胞英语Magnocellular neurosecretory cell向下延伸至脑垂腺后叶,并且在此处将神经下垂体激素英语Neurohypophysial hormone催产素抗利尿激素释放到血液中。这种连接称为下丘脑-垂体通道(hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract)或下丘脑-神经垂体通道(hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal tract)。

脑垂腺柄的损伤会阻止抗利尿激素的释放,从而导致多渴症多尿症。有研究指出[2],在脑垂腺柄损伤后,轴突并不能突破鞍膈英语Diaphragma sellae进入垂体后叶,而损毁端的赫令体英语Herring bodies可形成新的神经叶样结构,但此结构并不能完全代偿损伤后下降的AVP释放能力。这可能受限于伸长细胞对正中隆突神经-血管的连接的屏障作用[3]脑垂腺柄阻断综合征英语Pituitary stalk interruption syndrome是指由于垂腺柄明显变细或阻断[4],而引起垂体功能减弱的临床系列症候群,其往往并发垂体结构异常,例如垂体前叶发育不良、垂体后叶缺失或异位等,可引致垂体激素缺乏[5]

参考资料

  1. ^ Marieb, Elaine. Anatomy & physiology Fifthition. Pearson Education, Inc. 2014 [2020-01-17]. ISBN 978-0321861580. 
  2. ^ Feng, Z; Ou, Y; Zhou, M; Wu, G; Ma, L; Zhang, Y; Liu, Y; Qi, S. Functional ectopic neural lobe increases GAP-43 expression via PI3K/AKT pathways to alleviate central diabetes insipidus after pituitary stalk lesion in rats.. Neuroscience letters. 2018-04-23, 673: 1–6 [2020-01-17]. PMID 29486290. doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2018.02.038. [永久失效链接]
  3. ^ Mullier, A; Bouret, SG; Prevot, V; Dehouck, B. Differential distribution of tight junction proteins suggests a role for tanycytes in blood-hypothalamus barrier regulation in the adult mouse brain.. The Journal of comparative neurology. 2010-04-01, 518 (7): 943–62 [2020-01-17]. PMID 20127760. doi:10.1002/cne.22273. [永久失效链接]
  4. ^ Jang, KM; Ko, CW. Delayed diagnosis of pituitary stalk interruption syndrome with severe recurrent hyponatremia caused by adrenal insufficiency.. Annals of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism. 2017-09, 22 (3): 208–212 [2020-01-17]. PMID 29025209. doi:10.6065/apem.2017.22.3.208. 
  5. ^ Wang, W; Wang, S; Jiang, Y; Yan, F; Su, T; Zhou, W; Jiang, L; Zhang, Y; Ning, G. Relationship between pituitary stalk (PS) visibility and the severity of hormone deficiencies: PS interruption syndrome revisited.. Clinical endocrinology. 2015-09, 83 (3): 369–76 [2020-01-17]. PMID 25845766. doi:10.1111/cen.12788. [永久失效链接]