三乙基鋁
化合物
三乙基鋁是一種金屬有機化合物，化學式為Al2(C2H5)6。它是揮發性的無色液體，遇空氣自燃。它可以純品保存於不鏽鋼容器中，或溶於烴類溶劑儲存。它是齊格勒-納塔催化劑的必要組分。[6]
| 三乙基鋁 | |
|---|---|
| |
| |
| IUPAC名 Triethylalumane | |
| 別名 | 乙基鋁 |
| 識別 | |
| 縮寫 | TEA,[1] TEAl,[2] TEAL[3] |
| CAS號 | 97-93-8 
|
| PubChem | 16682930 |
| ChemSpider | 10179159 |
| SMILES |
|
| InChI |
|
| InChIKey | VOITXYVAKOUIBA-DVVALISXAR |
| EINECS | 202-619-3 |
| 性質 | |
| 化學式 | C12H30Al2 |
| 摩爾質量 | 228.33 g·mol−1 |
| 外觀 | 無色液體 |
| 密度 | 0.8324 g·cm−3（25 °C） |
| 熔點 | −52.5 °C（220.7 K）[4] |
| 沸點 | 128—130 °C（401—403 K）（50 mmHg）[5] |
| 危險性 | |
| 警示術語 | R：R14 R17 R34 |
| 安全術語 | S：S16 S43 S45 |
| 主要危害 | 易自燃 |
| NFPA 704 |
 4
3
3
|
| 閃點 | −18 °C（255 K） |
| 相關物質 | |
| 相關化學品 | 三甲基鋁 |
| 若非註明，所有數據均出自標準狀態（25 ℃，100 kPa）下。 | |
製備
- 2 Al + 3 H2 + 6 C2H4 → Al2(C2H5)6
鋁粉和氯乙烷反應，得到倍半氯化乙基鋁，它經金屬鈉還原後得到三乙基鋁：[8]
- 3 Al2Cl3(C2H5)3 + 9 Na → 2 Al2(C2H5)6 + 2 Al + 9 NaCl
反應
- Al2(C2H5)6 + 6 HX → 2 AlX3 + 6 C2H6
像醇或端基炔烴這樣的弱酸也能參與反應，例如它和異丙醇反應，得到二乙基異丙醇鋁；[11]和苯乙炔反應，得到二乙基(苯乙炔基)鋁。[12]
它和四氯化錫在乙醚中反應，得到三乙基氯化錫。[13]它和氯化鋅反應，生成二乙基鋅：[7]
- Al2(C2H5)6 + ZnCl2 → Zn(C2H5)2 + 2 (C2H5)2AlCl
參考文獻
- ^ Mission Status Center, June 2, 2010, 1905 GMT （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）, SpaceflightNow, accessed 2010-06-02, Quotation: "The flanges will link the rocket with ground storage tanks containing liquid oxygen, kerosene fuel, helium, gaserous nitrogen and the first stage ignitor source called triethylaluminum-triethylborane, better known as TEA-TAB."
- ^ Gulbrandsen Chemicals, Metal Alkyls: Triethylaluminum (TEAl). Gulbrandsen. [December 12, 2017]. （原始內容存檔於2017-12-13）.
Triethylaluminum (TEAl) is a pyrophoric liquid...
- ^ Malpass, Dennis B.; Band, Elliot. Introduction to Industrial Polypropylene: Properties, Catalysts Processes. John Wiley & Sons. 2012. ISBN 9781118463208.
- ^ Pitzer, Kenneth S.; Gutowsky, Herbert S. Electron-deficient molecules. II. Aluminum alkyls. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1946. 68: 2204-2209. ISSN: 0002-7863. doi:10.1021/ja01215a027
- ^ Gallais, Fernand; de Loth, Philippe. Magnetooptical properties of two trialkylaluminums and of their addition compounds with aliphatic ethers. Compt. Rend., 1962. 255. 2755-2756.
- ^ 6.0 6.1 6.2 無機化學叢書 第二卷 鈹 鹼土金屬 硼 鋁 鎵分族. 科學出版社. pp 498. 7.3 有機鋁化合物
- ^ 7.0 7.1 Michael J. Krause, Frank Orlandi, Alfred T. Saurage, Joseph R. Zietz Jr. "Aluminum Compounds, Organic" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2002, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. DOI: 10.1002/14356007.a01_543
- ^ Krause, M. J; Orlandi, F; Saurage, A T.; Zietz, J R, "Organic Aluminum Compounds" Wiley-Science 2002.
- ^ Starowieyski, Kazimierz; Kruk, Przemyslaw. Process for preparation of trialkylaluminum compounds from metallic aluminum by transmetalation with trialkylgallium compounds. 2006. PL 192855 B1.
- ^ Elschenbroich, C. 」Organometallics」 (2006) Wiley-VCH: Weinheim. ISBN 978-3-527-29390-2
- ^ Kunicki, A. R.; Pasynkiewicz, S.; Jankowski, J.; Mank, B. Alkoxyalumoxanes (ROAlO)n - Synthesis and properties. Polish Journal of Chemistry, 2004. 78 (10): 1857-1864. ISSN: 0137-5083.
- ^ Kanbur, Uddhav; Ellern, Arkady; Sadow, Aaron D. Alkynylaluminum Synthesis Catalyzed by a Zwitterionic Neodymium(III) Heterobimetallic Compound. Organometallics, 2018. 37 (23): 4409-4414. ISSN: 0276-7333. doi:10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00374
- ^ Neumann, Wilhelm P. Organotin compounds. I. New methods of preparation for tin tetraalkyls and alkyltin halides. Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie, 1962. 653. 157-163. ISSN: 0075-4617.