喬治·巴斯
喬治·弗萊徹·巴斯(英語:George Fletcher Bass,1932年12月9日—2021年3月2日)是美國考古學家。他是水下考古的早期實踐者,在1960年他參與共同指揮了第一次水下考古作業,徹底挖掘了格利多尼亞角(Cape Gelidonya)的一艘沉船,並於1972年成立了航海考古研究所(Institute of Nautical Archaeology)。
喬治·巴斯 | |
---|---|
出生 | 美國南卡羅來納州哥倫比亞 | 1932年12月9日
逝世 | 2021年3月2日 美國德克薩斯州布賴恩 | (88歲)
母校 | |
科學生涯 | |
研究領域 | 水下考古 |
機構 | 德克薩斯農工大學 |
生平
巴斯1932年12月9日出生於南卡羅來納州哥倫比亞,他的父親是英國文學教授羅伯特·鄧肯·巴斯(Robert Duncan Bass),母親是作家維吉尼亞·沃喬普(Virginia Wauchope),[1][2][3]他的叔叔是考古學家羅伯特·沃喬普(Robert Wauchope)。[4]在第二次世界大戰中,他的父親在美國海軍服役,並在美國海軍學院教授英語。[3][5]
巴斯少年時對天文學和海洋感興趣,並為第一個使用兩棲飛行器環遊世界的人——冒險家本·卡林打零工。[5]高中畢業後,他開始在約翰·霍普金斯大學攻讀英語專業,大學中他去了英格蘭埃克塞特大學進行交流,但因惡作劇而被停學。在停學途中他去了西西里島旅行,並對考古學產生了興趣。[5]回到約翰·霍普金斯大學後,他改換了專業,並於1955年獲得了大學考古學碩士學位。[4][5]之後他去希臘,在雅典美國古典研究學院(American School of Classical Studies at Athens)學習,同時發掘Gordion遺址。[5][6]1957年他在韓國服兵役。[5]
1960年,巴斯收到考古學家羅德尼·楊的邀請進行第一次考古——挖掘位於希臘格利多尼亞角的一艘古代沉船,為此巴斯學習了潛水。[5]在考古中他與瓊·普拉特·泰勒共同指揮。 巴斯成為聯合導演,與探險隊的瓊·普拉特·泰勒(Joan du Plat Taylor)並肩作戰。[5][7][8]1960年代,他發掘了青銅時代,古典時代和拜占庭時期的沉船。[5]1964年,他在賓夕法尼亞大學獲得古典考古學博士學位,並在該大學任職多年。[6]
1972年,巴斯成立了航海考古研究所。[9]之後他成為德克薩斯農工大學的教授,擔任海洋考古學系主任。[10]
1960年,巴斯與鋼琴家Ann Singletary結婚,他們有兩個兒子。[11]
獲得獎項
著作
- Beneath the Seven Seas : Adventures with the Institute of Nautical Archaeology by George Fletcher Bass (London : Thames & Hudson, 2005) ISBN 0-500-05136-4, OCLC 60667939
- Archaeology Under Water by George Fletcher Bass (New York, Praeger, 1966), OCLC 387479
- Archaeology Beneath the Sea by George Fletcher Bass (New York : Walker, 1975) ISBN 0-8027-0477-8, OCLC 1414901
- Ancient ships in Bodrum by George Fletcher Bass (Istanbul: Boyut, 2012) ISBN 9789752310315, OCLC 880980693
- A History of Seafaring Based on Underwater Archaeology by George Fletcher Bass (New York, Walker, 1972) ISBN 0802703909, OCLC 508334
- Ships and Shipwrecks of the Americas: a history based on underwater archaeology by George Fletcher Bass (New York, N.Y. : Thames and Hudson, 1988) ISBN 0-500-05049-X, OCLC 18759167
- Cape Gelidonya: a Bronze Age Shipwreck by George Fletcher Bass (Philadelphia, American Philosophical Society, 1967), OCLC 953382
- Navi e Civiltà : Archeologia Marina by George Fletcher Bass (Milano : Fratelli Fabri, 1974), OCLC 8201972
- Yassi Ada by George Fletcher Bass and Frederick H Van Doorninck (College Station : Published with the cooperation of the Institute of Nautical Archaeology by Texas A&M University Press, ©1982) ISBN 0-89096-063-1, OCLC 7925092
- Geschiedenis van de scheepvaart weerspiegeld in de scheepsarcheologie by George Fletcher Bass (Bussum : Unieboek, 1973) ISBN 90-228-1908-6, OCLC 64115385
- Serce Limani, vol. 1: the ship and its anchorage, crew, and passengers by George Fletcher Bass and others (College Station: Published with the cooperation of the Institute of Nautical Archaeology by Texas A&M University Press, 2004) ISBN 0-89096-947-7, OCLC 56457232
- Beneath the wine dark sea : nautical archaeology and the Phoenicians of the Odyssey by George F Bass, OCLC 41174856
- A diversified program for the study of shallow water searching and mapping techniques by George F Bass; Donald M Rosencrantz; United States Dept. of Navy, Office of Naval Research; University of Pennsylvania, University Museum (Philadelphia, Pa.: The University Museum, University of Pennsylvania, 1968), OCLC 61423407
- Glass treasure from the Aegean by George Fletcher Bass (Washington: National Geographic Society, 1978), OCLC 13594255
- Shipwrecks in the Bodrum Museum of Underwater Archaeology by George Fletcher Bass and Bodrum Sualtı Arkeoloji Müzesi (Bodrum : Museum of Underwater Archaeology, 1996) ISBN 975-17-1605-5, OCLC 35759537
- New tools for undersea archeology by George Fletcher Bass (v. 134, no. 3 (Sept. 1968) (Washington, D.C. : National Geographic Society, ©1968), OCLC 57758351
- Archäologie unter Wasser by George Fletcher Bass (Bergisch Gladbach: Lübbe, 1966), OCLC 73584270
- Marine archaeology: a misunderstood science by George Fletcher Bass (Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, ©1980), OCLC 13598481
- Tesori in fondo al mare by George Fletcher Bass (Milano: Sonzogno, 1981), OCLC 46996362
參考資料
- ^ George F. Bass Underwater Archaeology papers, 1952-1973. Philadelphia Area Archives Research Portal. University of Pennsylvania. [March 4, 2021]. (原始內容存檔於2021-05-20).
- ^ George F. Bass. National Science and Technology Medals Foundation. [March 4, 2021]. (原始內容存檔於2021-05-20).
- ^ 3.0 3.1 Emerson, W. Eric. Bass, Robert Duncan. South Carolina Encyclopedia. August 2, 2016 [March 4, 2021]. (原始內容存檔於2021-05-20).
- ^ 4.0 4.1 Keiger, Dale. The Underwater World of George Bass. Johns Hopkins Magazine. April 1997 [March 4, 2021]. (原始內容存檔於2021-05-20).
- ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 Powell, Eric A. Deep Underwater, George Bass Has Seen Pieces of the Past. Discover Magazine. June 28, 2012 [March 5, 2021]. (原始內容存檔於2021-05-20).
- ^ 6.0 6.1 George Bass. Texas A&M University. [March 4, 2021]. (原始內容存檔於2021-05-20).
- ^ George Fletcher Bass. Cape Gelidonya: a bronze age shipwreck. American Philosophical Society. 1967 [2021-05-20]. ISBN 9780871695789. (原始內容存檔於2021-05-29).
- ^ Hirschfeld, Nicolle. Joan Mabel Frederica du Plat Taylor, 1906–1983 (PDF). Breaking Ground: Women in Old World Archeology. Brown University. [April 24, 2020]. (原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2021-01-22).
- ^ George Fletcher Bass, Ph.D. Institute of Nautical Archaeology. (原始內容存檔於December 23, 2014).
- ^ George Bass. 德克薩斯農工大學. [March 4, 2021]. (原始內容存檔於2021-02-24).
- ^ Ann Bass. Institute of Nautical Archaeology. (原始內容存檔於December 23, 2014).
- ^ Tribute to George F. Bass. Institute of Nautical Archaeology. [March 21, 2021]. (原始內容存檔於2021-05-20).
- ^ George Bass Obituary. The Bryan-College Station Eagle. March 7, 2021 [March 21, 2021]. (原始內容存檔於2021-05-20).
- ^ Underwater archaeology pioneer George Bass dies at 88. National Geographic. March 5, 2021 [March 5, 2021]. (原始內容存檔於2021-04-23).
- ^ Traub, Alex. George Bass, Archaeologist of the Ocean Floor, Dies at 88. The New York Times. March 19, 2021 [March 21, 2021]. (原始內容存檔於2021-05-20).
- ^ Linda Ellis. Archaeological Method and Theory: An Encyclopedia. Taylor & Francis. 16 December 2003: 208– [2021-05-20]. ISBN 978-1-135-58283-8. (原始內容存檔於2021-05-29).
- ^ Awards and Prizes. Society for Historical Archaeology. [September 30, 2016]. (原始內容存檔於2017-08-25).
- ^ Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement. www.achievement.org. American Academy of Achievement. [2021-05-20]. (原始內容存檔於2020-06-08).
- ^ National Science Foundation. [2021-05-20]. (原始內容存檔於2012-10-15).