雙針連接器
兩針連接器（英語：bi-pin connector）是國際電工委員會（IEC）規定的一項燈具安裝的工業標準。這些連接器通常用於小型的白熾燈，特別是鹵素燈上，在一些日光燈的啟輝器上也能見到。
一些燈泡刻意將兩針之間的間距縮短，以免這些燈泡被安裝在不合適的燈具上造成過熱與火災，這些規格的兩針連接器有時被稱作「迷你兩針」。還有一些燈泡的兩針是朝著底部呈九十度彎曲的直角，特別是在汽車照明中比較常見，則被稱為楔形基座（英語：wedge base）或楔形插槽。
雙針連接器是加拿大發明家范信達為1893年的世博會而發明的。在這之前，愛迪生的直流電系統在世博會的競標中輸給了西屋公司的交流電系統，西屋公司贏得了首次以電燈照亮世博會的合同。作為回應，愛迪生和奇異公司進行技術封鎖，禁止西屋公司使用愛迪生螺旋接口的專利。西屋則靠雙針連接器克服了困難，並最終順利照亮了世博會。[1]
種類
| 型號 | 尺寸 | 針距（中心距） | 插針直徑 | 用途 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| G4 | IEC 60061-1 (7004-72) | 4.0 mm | 0.65-0.75 mm | 功率5/10/20瓦，電源6/12伏的小型鹵素燈泡 |
| GU4 | IEC 60061-1 (7004-108) | 4.0 mm | 0.95-1.05 mm | MR11 |
| GY4 | IEC 60061-1 (7004-72A) | 4.0 mm | 0.65-0.75 mm | |
| GZ4 | IEC 60061-1 (7004-64) | 4.0 mm | 0.95-1.05 mm | |
| G5 | IEC 60061-1 (7004-52-5) | 5 mm | T4與T5日光燈管 | |
| G5.3 | IEC 60061-1 (7004-73) | 5.33 mm | 1.47-1.65 mm | |
| G5.3-4.8 | IEC 60061-1 (7004-126-1) | |||
| GU5.3 | IEC 60061-1 (7004-109) | 5.33 mm | 1.45-1.6 mm | |
| GX5.3 | IEC 60061-1 (7004-73A) | 5.33 mm | 1.45-1.6 mm (ROUND PINS) | 功率20/35/50瓦，電壓12/24伏的MR16及其他規格的小型鹵素燈泡 |
| GY5.3 | IEC 60061-1 (7004-73B) | 5.33 mm | (FLAT PINS) | |
| G6.35 | IEC 60061-1 (7004-59) | 6.35 mm | 0.95-1.05 mm | |
| GX6.35 | IEC 60061-1 (7004-59) | 6.35 mm | 0.95-1.05 mm | |
| GY6.35 | IEC 60061-1 (7004-59) | 6.35 mm | 1.2-1.3 mm | Halogen various wattage (e.g. 50 W/100 W), various voltage (e.g. 12/24 V), Common for task lighting, landscape lighting |
| GZ6.35 | IEC 60061-1 (7004-59A) | 6.35 mm | 0.95-1.05 mm | |
| G8 | 8.0 mm | Halogen 35-100 W 120 V | ||
| GY8.6 | 8.6 mm | Halogen up to 100 W, 120 V | ||
| G9 | IEC 60061-1 (7004-129) | 9.0 mm | Halogen 120 V (US) / 230 V (EU), also used for LED lamps. | |
| G9.5 | 9.5 mm | 3.10-3.25 mm | Common for theatre use, several variants | |
| GU10 | 10 mm | Twist-lock 120/230-volt MR16 halogen lighting of 35/50 watt, since the mid-2000s. Also used for compact fluorescents or LED lamps. | ||
| GZ10 | 10 mm | Twist-lock 120/230-volt MR16 halogen lighting of 35/50 watt, differs from GU10 by use of a dichroic reflector. GZ10 fixtures can also use GU10 bulbs, but not vice versa. | ||
| G12 | 12.0 mm | 2.35 mm | Used in theatre and single-end metal halide lamps | |
| G13 | 0.50 in (12.7 mm) | 0.093 in (2.35 mm) | common T8 and T12 fluorescent tubes | |
| G23 | 23 mm | 2 mm | ||
| GU24 | 24 mm | Twist-lock for self-ballasted compact fluorescents, since the 2000s | ||
| G38 | 38 mm | 11.1 mm | Mostly used for high-wattage theatre lamps | |
| GX53 | 53 mm | Twist-lock for puck-shaped under-cabinet compact fluorescents and LED lamps, since the 2000s | ||
| GX70 | 70 mm | Twist-lock for puck-shaped compact fluorescents or LED lamps |
參考資料
- ^ *美國專利第543,280號, incandescent electric lamp
