台約爾
台約爾（Samuel Dyer，1804年2月20日—1843年10月24日），十九世紀來華基督教傳教士牧師，基督教傳教士戴德生外父。
生於英國格林威治[1]。父親約翰·戴耳是英國海軍軍官。撒母耳在1822年成為基督徒。1827年在英國被授予神職。1827年被倫敦會派往南洋向華僑傳教；3月10日，離英國前往檳榔嶼，8月8日抵達。撒母耳在檳榔嶼用大量時間研究和完善漢字的金屬活字，他設計和鑄造的三千個金屬漢字活字，十分精美，準確，實用[2]。他還出版過一本漢字活字體型選編《作印集字》。台約爾在1828年底前往馬六甲負責英華書院的印刷所事務，同時鑄造中文活字陽文鋼模、陰文銅模、以便鑄造漢字金屬活字。1839年，英國倫敦傳道會傳教士理雅各將馬六甲英華書院及其印書廠的華文活字連同三千多個活字鋼模和印刷機器，全部遷往香港。香港首份華文報章《遐邇貫珍》就是用英華書院的漢字活版印刷廠印刷發行的。當時台約爾設計由英華書院鑄造的中文活字，世界聞名：俄國沙王欽差大臣、法國巴黎學會、新加坡政府、太平天國、兩廣總督、上海道台、清廷總理衙門等，都先後購買過英華書院鑄造的中文活字，或全套活字銅模，是為西人鑄造的中文鉛字傳入中國之始。
1843年7月18日，台約爾前往香港出席倫敦會的會議，並參加聖經翻譯事宜大會，被任命為大會秘書。會後返回新加坡，不幸途中犯病，於10月24日在澳門不治逝世；遺體埋葬在澳門基督教墳場馬禮遜墓旁[3]。
著作
- 《論天》 1835年 檳榔嶼
- 《福音總論》 1839年
- "Vocabulary of Hokkien Dialect", 1838, Singapore.
- A Selection of Three Thousand Characters bing the most important in the Chinese Language.《作印集字》 1834， 馬六甲。
- "Aesop's Fables" (in Hokkien, 1843)
參考文獻
參考文獻
- Davies, Evan. The Memoir of Samuel Dyer: Sixteen Years Missionary to the Chinese. London: John Snow. 1846.
- Broomhall, Alfred James. Hudson Taylor and China’s Open Century Volume One: Barbarians At The Gates. London: Hodder and Stoughton. 1892.
- Buckley, Charles Burton. An Anecdotal History of Old Times in Singapore 1819-1867.
- Bridgman, Elijah Coleman. The Chinese Repository Vol XXII. Canton. 1843.
- Ride, Lindsay. An East India Company Cemetery: Protestant Burials in Macao. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press. 1996.
- Reed, Christopher A. Gutenberg in Shanghai: Chinese Print Capitalism, 1876-1937. UBC Press. 2004. ISBN 0-7748-1041-6.
- Alexander Wylie, Memorials of Protestant Missionaries to the Chinese:Giving a List of their Publications and Obituary Notices of the Deceased, American Presbyterian Mission Press, Shanghai 1867
- Taylor, James Hudson III, Chang, Irene; Even to Death - The Life and Legacy of Samuel Dyer. Hong Kong: OMF Books, 2009.
- Stronach, John; The blessedness of those who die in the Lord: a sermon occasioned by the death of the Rev. Samuel Dyer, missionary to the Chinese, (which took place at Macao 24 October 1843): preached in the New Mission Chapel, Singapore, November 9, 1843, by John Stronach, Mr. Dyer's colleague in the Chinese Mission at Singapore ; with a sketch of Mr. Dyer's life and character by his widow. Singapore: Mission Press, 1843.
- Biographical Dictionary of Christian Mission
- Broomhall, AJ, Hudson Taylor and China’s Open Century Vol I, II, III, Hodder & Stoughton, London, 1981
- Griffiths, Valerie, Not Less Than Everything, Monarch Books & OMF International, Oxford, 2004
- Ismail, Ibrahim bin, Samuel Dyer and His Contributions to Chinese Typography; Library Quarterly, v54 n2 p157-69 Apr 1984
- Latourette, Kenneth Scott, A History of Christian Missions in China, Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, London, 1929
- Lovett, Richard, The History of the London Missionary Society 1795 – 1895 （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） Vol II, Henry Frowde, London, 1899
- Register of LMS Missionaries, 1796–1923, Prepared by James Sibree, LMS, London, 1923
- Sng, Bobby, In His Good Time: The Story of the Church in Singapore, Bible Society of Singapore, 2003