艾瑞克·德拉蒙德
國際聯盟第一任秘書長
第七代伯斯伯爵詹姆斯·艾瑞克·德拉蒙德[a],GCMG,CB,PC,DL,(英語:James Eric Drummond,1876年8月17日—1951年12月15日),英國政治家和外交官,曾任國際聯盟第一任秘書長(1920年-1933年)。
非常尊敬的 伯斯伯爵 GCMG,CB,PC,DL | |
---|---|
國際聯盟秘書長 | |
任期 1920年8月1日—1933年7月2日 | |
副職 | 尚·莫內 若澤夫·艾文諾 |
前任 | 職位設立 |
繼任 | 若澤夫·艾文諾 |
個人資料 | |
出生 | 英國北約克郡富爾福德 | 1876年8月17日
逝世 | 1951年12月15日 英國蘇塞克斯 | (75歲)
國籍 | 英國蘇格蘭 |
政黨 | 自由黨 |
配偶 | 安吉拉·瑪麗·康斯特布爾-麥斯威爾 |
學歷 | 伊頓公學 |
德拉蒙德為人穩重而謙遜,他在任期間成功地培養了一支高效的國際公務員隊伍,並在1926年參與促成了德國加入國聯。然而,由於來自國聯最主要的成員英國和法國的壓力,他未能於任內解決重大的國際爭端(譬如滿洲事變)。1933年辭任國聯秘書長後擔任英國駐義大利全權大使(1933年-1939年),其後擔任政府信息部負責對外宣傳的首席顧問(1939年-1940年)。1946年,他成為了上議院自由黨的副領袖。
注釋
參考書籍
- "The Secretariat of the League of Nations" (1931), Paper read before the institute of public administration, 19 March 1931, English.
- "Ten Years of World Cooperation" (1930), book, published by the Secretariat of the League of Nations. Foreword by Drummond, English.
- "The International Secretariat of the Future; Lessons from Experience by a Group of Former Officials of the League of Nations." (1944), book, co-authored by Drummond, English.
- Procès-verbal... du Conseil de la Société des nations... (Minutes of the Council of the League of Nations (1920–24), Speech. English.
- The League of Nations BBC National Lectures (1933)
- The organisation of peace and the Dumbarton Oaks proposals (1945), pamphlets on Dumberton Oaks proposals, Vol. 8, no. 1
- Annuaire de l'Association yougoslave de droit international: Année (Journal, French)
- Procès-verbal... du Conseil de la Société des nations = Minutes of the... Council of the League of Nations (1921).Book
- Germany after the war: proposals of a Liberal Party Committee by Eric Drummond (1944). Book.
- Ten years of world co-operation. Published by League of Nations. Foreword by Drummond (1930)
- Procès-verbal... du Conseil de la Société des nations = Minutes of the... Council of the League of Nations Minutes of the... Council of the League of Nations. 1st–15th session, Jan. 16, 1920-19 Nov. 1921. Book
- The aims of the League of Nations (1929). Book
- Les réfugiés Russes : Lettre du Comité International de la Croix-Rouge et réponse du Secrétaire Général by League of Nations (1921). Book in French
- Dix ans de coopération intellectuelle (1930). Book in French
- Speech made by Sir Eric Drummond, Secretary-general of the League of nations by Conference for the Codification of International Law (1930). Book
- Brief van James Eric Drummond (1876–1951) aan Willem Jan Mari van Eysinga (1878–1961) (1921). Book in Dutch
- Correspondence respecting League of Nations matters, Feb. 1918-Oct. 1924 [accumulated at the Foreign Office during the first part of his term of office as Secretary-general of the League of Nations] (1924). Book
延伸閱讀
- James Barros: Office Without Power (1979), book about Drummond and his time as secretary-general.
- Araceli Julia P. Gelardi: Sir Eric Drummond, Britain’s Ambassador to Italy, and British Foreign Policy during the Italo-Abyssinian Crisis of 1935–1936 (1982), master's thesis about Drummond as British ambassador to Italy.
來源
- Chapman, Michael E. Fidgeting over Foreign Policy: Henry L. Stimson and the Shenyang Incident, 1931. Oxford Journals: Diplomatic History, Volume 37, Issue 4 (2013).
- Dykmann, Klaas & Naumann, Katja, eds. Changes from the "Margins": Non-European Actors, Ideas and Strategies in International Organizations (Leipzig, 2014).
- Craig, Gordon A., and Gilbert, Felix. eds. The Diplomats 1919–1939 (Princeton University Press, 1994).
- Barros, James. Office Without Power: Secretary-General Sir Eric Drummond 1919–1933 (Oxford 1979).
- Lorna Lloyd. "Drummond, (James) Eric, seventh earl of Perth (1876–1951)," Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online ed, January 2011 accessed 7 October 2014 (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館)
- Lloyd, Lorna. "The League of Nations and the Settlement of Disputes" World Affairs. Vol. 157, No. 4, Woodrow Wilson and the League of Nations: Part One (Spring 1995).
- Macfadyen, D.; Davies, M.; Carr, M.; Burley, J. 2019. Eric Drummond and his Legacies: The League of Nations and the Beginnings of Global Governance. Palgrave, 2019 online (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館)
- Walters, F. P., A History of the League of Nations, Oxford University Press, 1952. (available online (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館))
- Yearwood, Peter J. Guarantee of Peace: The League of Nations in British Policy 1914–1925. Oxford Scholarship Online (2009)
外部連結
前任: 職位設立 |
國際聯盟秘書長 1920年8月1日—1933年7月2日 |
繼任: 若澤夫·艾文諾 |