外毒素A

外毒素A（英語：exotoxin A）也稱綠膿桿菌外毒素、假單胞菌外毒素（Pseudomonas exotoxin），是由綠膿桿菌（學名：銅綠假單胞菌，Pseudomonas aeruginosa）產生的外毒素^[1]。它的功能是將NAD+上的二磷酸腺苷核糖（ADP-ribose）轉移到目標蛋白質上，這一過程稱為ADP-核糖基化修飾。它的致病機制是通過將真核延伸因子2（EF2）的白喉醯胺（英語：Diphthamide）殘基ADP-核糖基化來抑制EF2^[2]，從而導致多肽的延長停止（毒素的機制類似於白喉毒素）。目前該現象已被用於B肝^[3]和癌症^[4]的治療研究。

參考文獻

^ Yates, Susan P.; Taylor, Patricia L.; Jørgensen, René; Ferraris, Dana; Zhang, Jie; Andersen, Gregers R.; Merrill, A. Rod. Structure-function analysis of water-soluble inhibitors of the catalytic domain of exotoxin A from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The Biochemical Journal. 2005-02-01, 385 (Pt 3): 667–675 [2018-08-14]. ISSN 1470-8728. PMID 15458385. doi:10.1042/BJ20041480. （原始內容存檔於2018-08-09）.
^ Yates, Susan P.; Merrill, Allan R. Elucidation of eukaryotic elongation factor-2 contact sites within the catalytic domain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A. The Biochemical Journal. 2004-05-01, 379 (Pt 3): 563–572 [2018-08-14]. ISSN 1470-8728. PMID 14733615. doi:10.1042/BJ20031731. （原始內容存檔於2018-08-09）.
^ Hafkemeyer, Peter; Brinkmann, Ulrich; Brinkmann, Elizabeth; Pastan, Ira; Blum, Hubert-E.; Baumert, Thomas-F. Pseudomonas exotoxin antisense RNA selectively kills hepatitis B virus infected cells. World Journal of Gastroenterology. 2008-05-14, 14 (18): 2810–2817 [2018-08-14]. ISSN 1007-9327. PMID 18473403. doi:10.3748/wjg.14.2810. （原始內容存檔於2018-08-09）.
^ Stuckey, Daniel W.; Hingtgen, Shawn D.; Karakas, Nihal; Rich, Benjamin E.; Shah, Khalid. Engineering toxin-resistant therapeutic stem cells to treat brain tumors. Stem Cells (Dayton, Ohio). 2015-2, 33 (2): 589–600 [2018-08-14]. ISSN 1549-4918. PMID 25346520. doi:10.1002/stem.1874. （原始內容存檔於2018-08-09）. 請檢查|date=中的日期值 (幫助)

[1] Yates, Susan P.; Taylor, Patricia L.; Jørgensen, René; Ferraris, Dana; Zhang, Jie; Andersen, Gregers R.; Merrill, A. Rod. Structure-function analysis of water-soluble inhibitors of the catalytic domain of exotoxin A from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The Biochemical Journal. 2005-02-01, 385 (Pt 3): 667–675 [2018-08-14]. ISSN 1470-8728. PMID 15458385. doi:10.1042/BJ20041480. （原始內容存檔於2018-08-09）.

[2] Yates, Susan P.; Merrill, Allan R. Elucidation of eukaryotic elongation factor-2 contact sites within the catalytic domain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A. The Biochemical Journal. 2004-05-01, 379 (Pt 3): 563–572 [2018-08-14]. ISSN 1470-8728. PMID 14733615. doi:10.1042/BJ20031731. （原始內容存檔於2018-08-09）.

[3] Hafkemeyer, Peter; Brinkmann, Ulrich; Brinkmann, Elizabeth; Pastan, Ira; Blum, Hubert-E.; Baumert, Thomas-F. Pseudomonas exotoxin antisense RNA selectively kills hepatitis B virus infected cells. World Journal of Gastroenterology. 2008-05-14, 14 (18): 2810–2817 [2018-08-14]. ISSN 1007-9327. PMID 18473403. doi:10.3748/wjg.14.2810. （原始內容存檔於2018-08-09）.

[4] Stuckey, Daniel W.; Hingtgen, Shawn D.; Karakas, Nihal; Rich, Benjamin E.; Shah, Khalid. Engineering toxin-resistant therapeutic stem cells to treat brain tumors. Stem Cells (Dayton, Ohio). 2015-2, 33 (2): 589–600 [2018-08-14]. ISSN 1549-4918. PMID 25346520. doi:10.1002/stem.1874. （原始內容存檔於2018-08-09）. 請檢查|date=中的日期值 (幫助)

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