泰國君主

泰國王室
	;
	哇集拉隆功（國王陛下）; 素提達（王后陛下）; 詩妮娜（貴人）帕差拉吉帝雅帕（長公主殿下）; 希里萬瓦里（公主殿下）; 提幫功（王子殿下）; 詩麗吉（國王母后陛下）詩琳通（王家長公主殿下）; 朱拉蓬（公主殿下）西里帕·朱搭蓬（公主殿下）; 阿提迪亞·通吉迪坤（公主殿下）; ; 烏汶叻（公主）諾派琳·詹森（夫人）; 詩麗吉提雅·詹森（夫人）; ; 頌莎瓦麗（王長女懿母妃殿下）; 塔薩納哇萊（夫人）;
閱; 論; 編;

泰國國王
泰國國王
พระมหากษัตริย์ไทย
	泰國國王旗幟
現任
	瑪哈·哇集拉隆功（拉瑪十世）; 2016年10月13日就任
詳情
推定繼承人	提幫功王子
開國君主	拉瑪一世
建立	1782年
居所	曼谷大皇宮（官方）; 曼谷律實宮（起居）

泰國君主（華人世界通稱為泰國國王，簡稱泰王，泰語：พระมหากษัตริย์ไทย）為泰國（以前為暹羅）的君主立憲制君主。泰國國王為泰國國家元首，同時也是現今王室扎克里王室的領導者。

雖然扎克里王朝於1782年才建立，但傳統上認為，泰國君主制度起源於1239年的素可泰王國，隨後在厄伽陀過世後進入空缺期，直到18世紀擁有華裔血統的鄭昭登基才恢復王室。1932年發生不流血的暹羅立憲革命後，泰國君主轉型成為君主立憲君主。泰國君主官方住所是位於曼谷的大皇宮；然而，先王蒲美蓬大帝則是長期居住在吉拉達宮或位於海灘度假城市華欣的忘憂宮（英語：Klai Kangwon Palace），現任國王哇集拉隆功則居住在律實宮。

泰國君主的頭銜包含了國家元首、泰國皇家軍隊統帥（英語：Head of the Royal Thai Armed Forces）、佛教擁護者與宗教維護者^[1]。

而其中最偉大的國王稱為八大帝，備受人民崇敬，分別是蘭甘亨大帝、那萊大帝、納黎萱大帝、達信大帝、帕佛陀約華朱拉洛大帝（拉瑪一世）、蒙固大帝（拉瑪四世）、朱拉隆功大帝（拉瑪五世）和蒲美蓬大帝（拉瑪九世）。

現任泰王為瑪哈·哇集拉隆功（拉瑪十世），於2016年10月13日繼位。

在泰國，冒犯國王屬於不敬罪，將會受到嚴厲懲處。而泰國臣民覲見國王時通常會俯臥在地，側著身體匍匐前進^[2]。

歷史

起源

泰國王權的概念，已經演變了800多年，並形成絕對的統治權力。第一位治理統一泰國的君主，是1238年素可泰王國的開國國王室利·膺沙羅鐵^[3]。早期泰國王權的思想是基於印度教與上座部佛教信仰所衍生出來的概念。印度教的概念是基於剎帝利（泰語：กษัตริย์）的吠陀─印度教種姓制度，或稱為武士統治者，王權是由軍事力量衍生而來。上座部佛教的概念則來自於「法王」（泰語：ธรรมราชา），而佛教是在約6世紀時引入泰國。法王的概念代表君主必須以「法」與佛陀的教導統治人民。

當1279年蘭甘亨大帝登基為王時，原始的概念被短暫替換。他背離了傳統並創造出「父權統治（英語：Family as a model for the state）」（泰語：พ่อปกครองลูก）的概念取而代之，意思是君主統治人民，就好比父親教導小孩一樣^[4]^[5]。而蘭甘亨將他的名字冠以「Pho Khun」的頭銜（泰語：พ่อขุนรามคำแหง），用以加強他所創造的概念^[6]，然而其維持時間非常短暫。在素可泰王國的末期，原始的兩個宗教概念回歸，並將君主頭銜從「Pho Khun」改為「Phaya Khun」。

君主立憲

1932年不流血政變後，泰國仿效歐洲改為君主立憲制，但國王仍擁有極大影響力，特別是在泰國皇家軍隊中，保皇派曾發起多起武裝政變。

王室寶物與器具

泰國的王室器具包括五件主要的物品^[7]

目前泰國的王室寶物（泰語：เครื่องราชกกุธภัณฑ์）與器具大多數是在拉瑪一世和拉瑪四世統治時期所製作，是在1767年緬甸入侵摧毀大城並奪走前一套寶物後重新製作的。這些王室寶物主要在每位國王的加冕典禮上使用。目前，這些寶物在曼谷大皇宮中展出^[8]^[9]。

九層王傘（英語：Royal Nine-Tiered Umbrella）：這是泰國最重要的王室寶物之一，目前共有七把，分佈在不同的皇宮中。
勝利大王冠（英語：Great Crown of Victory）：這是官方的皇室頭飾。
勝利之劍（英語：Sword of Victory）：於1784年在洞里薩湖被發現，象徵著軍事權力。
王室權杖（英語：Royal Staff）：象徵正義。
王家扇與撣（วาลวีชนี）：由金製成的皇家扇子，以及用白象（英語：White elephant (animal)）尾製成的撣子。
王家拖鞋（ฉลองพระบาท）：由金製成的官方穿著。

參考文獻

^ The Secretariate of the House of Representatives. Constitution of the Kingdom of Thailand B.E 2550 (PDF). The Secretariat of the House of Representatives. Nov 2007 [7 November 2012]. （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2012年8月31日）.
^ 泰国王室车队遭民众抗议，君主制权威面临挑战. [2020-10-17]. （原始內容存檔於2021-02-18）.
^ Cœdès, G. The Origins of the Sukhodaya Dynasty (PDF). Journal of the Siam Society (Siam Heritage Trust). 1921,. JSS Vol. 14.1b (digital): image 1 [17 March 2013]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2016-10-20）. The dynasty which reigned during a part of the XIIIth. and the first half of the XlVth. centuries at Sukhodaya and at Sajjanlaya, on the upper Menam Yom, is the first historical Siamese dynasty. It has a double claim to this title, both because its cradle was precisely in the country designated by foreigners as "Siam" (Khmer: Syain; Chinese : Sien, etc.), and because it is this dynasty which, by freeing the Thai principalities from the Cambodian yoke and by gradually extending its conquests as far as the Malay Peninsula, paved the way for the formation of the Kingdom of Siam properly so called.
^ Background to a Modern Kingship. Thai Modern Monarchy. 1998. （原始內容存檔於2009-11-02）.
^ Prince Dhani Nivat, Kromamun Bidyadabh. The Old Siamese conception of the Monarchy (PDF). Journal of the Siam Society (Siamese Heritage Trust). 1947,. JSS Vol. 36.2b (digital): image 10 page 93 [7 March 2013]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2016-03-03）. Patriarchal Sukhothai Kingship ...The monarch was of course the people's leader in battle; but he was also in peace-time their father whose advice was sought and expected in all matters and whose judgment was accepted by all. He was moreover accessible to his people, for we are told by an old inscription that, in front of the royal palace of Sukhothai there used to be a gong hung up for people to go and beat upon whenever they wanted personal help and redress. The custom survived with slight modifications all through the centuries down to the change of regime in 1932....
^ Terwiel, Barend Jan. Ahom and the Study of Early Thai Society (PDF). Journal of the Siam Society (Siamese Heritage Trust). 1983,. JSS Vol. 71.0 (PDF): image 4 [7 March 2013]. （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2013-11-03）. In older usage, khun was used for a ruler of a fortified town and its surrounding villages, together called a mueang; with the prefix pho (พ่อ "father") appears as Pho Khun.
^ Thailand's King Vajiralongkorn crowned. BBC News. 2019-05-04 [2019-05-05].
^ Royal Regalia. 27 October 2009 [5 May 2012]. （原始內容存檔於27 October 2009）.
^ Thai Government Public Relations: Royal Regalia + Royal Utensils.

參見

[1] The Secretariate of the House of Representatives. Constitution of the Kingdom of Thailand B.E 2550 (PDF). The Secretariat of the House of Representatives. Nov 2007 [7 November 2012]. （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2012年8月31日）.

[2] 泰国王室车队遭民众抗议，君主制权威面临挑战. [2020-10-17]. （原始內容存檔於2021-02-18）.

[JSS_014_1b_Coedes-3] Cœdès, G. The Origins of the Sukhodaya Dynasty (PDF). Journal of the Siam Society (Siam Heritage Trust). 1921,. JSS Vol. 14.1b (digital): image 1 [17 March 2013]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2016-10-20）. The dynasty which reigned during a part of the XIIIth. and the first half of the XlVth. centuries at Sukhodaya and at Sajjanlaya, on the upper Menam Yom, is the first historical Siamese dynasty. It has a double claim to this title, both because its cradle was precisely in the country designated by foreigners as "Siam" (Khmer: Syain; Chinese : Sien, etc.), and because it is this dynasty which, by freeing the Thai principalities from the Cambodian yoke and by gradually extending its conquests as far as the Malay Peninsula, paved the way for the formation of the Kingdom of Siam properly so called.

[4] Background to a Modern Kingship. Thai Modern Monarchy. 1998. （原始內容存檔於2009-11-02）.

[JSS_036_2b_PrinceDhani_Old-5] Prince Dhani Nivat, Kromamun Bidyadabh. The Old Siamese conception of the Monarchy (PDF). Journal of the Siam Society (Siamese Heritage Trust). 1947,. JSS Vol. 36.2b (digital): image 10 page 93 [7 March 2013]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2016-03-03）. Patriarchal Sukhothai Kingship ...The monarch was of course the people's leader in battle; but he was also in peace-time their father whose advice was sought and expected in all matters and whose judgment was accepted by all. He was moreover accessible to his people, for we are told by an old inscription that, in front of the royal palace of Sukhothai there used to be a gong hung up for people to go and beat upon whenever they wanted personal help and redress. The custom survived with slight modifications all through the centuries down to the change of regime in 1932....

[JSS_071_0g-6] Terwiel, Barend Jan. Ahom and the Study of Early Thai Society (PDF). Journal of the Siam Society (Siamese Heritage Trust). 1983,. JSS Vol. 71.0 (PDF): image 4 [7 March 2013]. （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2013-11-03）. In older usage, khun was used for a ruler of a fortified town and its surrounding villages, together called a mueang; with the prefix pho (พ่อ "father") appears as Pho Khun.

[7] Thailand's King Vajiralongkorn crowned. BBC News. 2019-05-04 [2019-05-05].

[8] Royal Regalia. 27 October 2009 [5 May 2012]. （原始內容存檔於27 October 2009）.

[60celebrations-9] Thai Government Public Relations: Royal Regalia + Royal Utensils.

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