維莫非尼
維莫非尼(INN:vemurafenib,商品名為佐博伏),或譯維羅非尼,是Plexxikon和基因泰克開發的B-Raf酶抑制劑,用於治療BRAF V600突變陽性的不可切除或轉移性黑色素瘤黑色素瘤。[1]
臨床資料 | |
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讀音 | /ˌvɛməˈræfənɪb/ VEM-ə-RAF-ə-nib |
商品名 | 佐博伏 |
其他名稱 | PLX4032, RG7204, RO5185426 |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
MedlinePlus | a612009 |
核准狀況 |
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懷孕分級 |
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給藥途徑 | 口服(片劑) |
ATC碼 | |
法律規範狀態 | |
法律規範 |
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識別資訊 | |
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CAS號 | 918504-65-1 |
PubChem CID | |
IUPHAR/BPS | |
DrugBank | |
ChemSpider | |
UNII | |
KEGG | |
ChEMBL | |
PDB配體ID | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | |
ECHA InfoCard | 100.287.801 |
化學資訊 | |
化學式 | C23H18ClF2N3O3S |
摩爾質量 | 489.92 g·mol−1 |
3D模型(JSmol) | |
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批准
維莫非尼於2011年8月17日獲得 FDA 批准用於治療晚期黑色素瘤,使其成為第一個使用基於片段的先導發現設計並獲得監管批准的藥物。[2]
維莫非尼後來於2012年2月15日獲得加拿大衛生部的批准。[3]
2012年2月20日,歐盟執委會批准維莫非尼作為單一療法,用於治療 BRAF V600E突變陽性、不可切除或轉移性黑色素瘤(最具侵襲性的皮膚癌)成年患者。[4]
2017年11月6日,FDA 批准維莫非尼用於治療一些罕見的組織細胞腫瘤Erdheim-Chester(ECD)病患者。[5][6]
作用機制
維莫非尼在黑色素瘤細胞系中引起程序性細胞凋亡。[7]如果B-Raf具有常見的V600E突變,維莫非尼會中斷B-Raf/MEK/ERK通路上的B-Raf/MEK步驟。
維莫非尼僅適用於癌症具有V600E BRAF突變的黑色素瘤患者(即在B-Raf蛋白的第600位胺基酸位置,正常的纈氨酸被穀氨酸取代)。[8]大約 60% 的黑色素瘤有這種突變。 它還對罕見的 BRAF V600K 突變有效。沒有這些突變的黑色素瘤細胞不受維莫非尼的抑制; 該藥物自相矛盾地刺激正常的 BRAF,並可能在這種情況下促進腫瘤生長。[9][10]
耐藥性
已經發現了三種對維莫非尼產生耐藥性的機制(覆蓋40%的病例):
臨床試驗
在一項 I 期臨床研究中,vemurafenib(當時稱為 PLX4032)能夠減少16名晚期黑色素瘤患者中超過一半的癌細胞數量。與對照組相比,治療組的中位生存時間增加了6個月。[14][15][16][17]
在第二階段 I 研究中,在 B-Raf 中具有 V600E 突變的患者中,約 80% 顯示部分至完全消退。 回歸持續了 2 到 18 個月。[18]
2010年初,一項針對實體瘤(包括結直腸癌)的I期試驗[19]和一項II期研究(對於轉移性黑色素瘤)正在進行中。[20]
在先前未治療的轉移性黑色素瘤患者中進行的一項 III 期試驗顯示,與達卡巴嗪相比,總體和無進展生存率有所提高。[21]
2011年6月,III期BRIM3 BRAF突變黑色素瘤研究報告了陽性結果。[22]
計劃進行進一步的試驗,包括與MEK抑制劑GDC-0973(考比替尼)共同給藥的vemurafenib試驗。[22]在 2014 年取得良好效果後,該組合被提交給EC和FDA進行上市批准。[23]
2015年1月的試驗結果比較了威羅非尼與達拉非尼和曲美替尼聯合治療轉移性黑色素瘤的療效。[24]
副作用
在最大耐受劑量960 mg每天兩次時,31%的患者出現可能需要手術切除的皮膚損傷。[1]BRIM-2 試驗調查了 132 名患者; 最常見的不良事件是58%的患者出現關節痛,52%出現皮疹和52%出現光敏反應。為了更好地管理副作用,45%的患者需要進行某種形式的劑量調整。中位日劑量為 1750 mg,為 MTD 的 91%。[25]
參考文獻
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- ^ Hofland, Peter. First Personalized Cancer Medicine Allows Patients with Deadly Form of Metastatic Melanoma to Live Significantly Longer. Onco'Zine. 2012-02-20 [2022-06-12]. (原始內容存檔於2012-04-11).
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- ^ Flaherty, K.; Puzanov, I.; Sosman, J.; Kim, K.; Ribas, A.; McArthur, G.; Lee, R. J.; Grippo, J. F.; Nolop, K.; Chapman, P. Phase I study of PLX4032: Proof of concept for V600E BRAF mutation as a therapeutic target in human cancer. Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2009-05-20, 27 (15_suppl) [2022-06-12]. ISSN 0732-183X. doi:10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.9000. (原始內容存檔於2022-06-15) (英語).
- ^ Flaherty, Keith T.; Puzanov, Igor; Kim, Kevin B.; Ribas, Antoni; McArthur, Grant A.; Sosman, Jeffrey A.; O'Dwyer, Peter J.; Lee, Richard J.; Grippo, Joseph F.; Nolop, Keith; Chapman, Paul B. Inhibition of mutated, activated BRAF in metastatic melanoma. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2010-08-26, 363 (9) [2022-06-12]. ISSN 1533-4406. PMC 3724529 . PMID 20818844. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1002011. (原始內容存檔於2022-06-22).
- ^ Plexxikon. A Study to Assess Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of PLX4032 in Patients With Solid Tumors. Roche Pharma AG. 2017-08-18 [2022-06-12]. (原始內容存檔於2022-06-12).
- ^ Hoffmann-La Roche. An Open-label Multicenter Study on the Efficacy of Continuous Oral Dosing of Vemurafenib on Tumour Response in Previously Treated Patients With Metastatic Melanoma. 2017-06-26 [2022-06-12]. (原始內容存檔於2022-06-22).
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- ^ 22.0 22.1 Writer, GEN Staff. Plexxikon and Roche Report Positive Data from Phase III BRAF Mutation Melanoma Study. GEN - Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology News. 2011-06-06 [2022-06-12]. (原始內容存檔於2022-06-12) (美國英語).
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延伸閱讀
- Dean, Laura. Vemurafenib Therapy and BRAF and NRAS Genotype. Pratt, Victoria M. (編). Medical Genetics Summaries. Bethesda (MD): National Center for Biotechnology Information (US). 2012 [2022-06-12]. PMID 28809522. (原始內容存檔於2022-02-03).
外部連結
- U.S. National Library of Medicine - Quick Access to Quality Drug Information. [2022-06-12]. (原始內容存檔於2022-06-12) (英語).