鉑化合物

鉑化合物是鉑（Pt）元素形成的化合物。鉑化合物中鉑元素的價態以+2和+4價居多，一些鉑化合物具有生物毒性，它們同時也可用作藥物。

鉑-鹵素化合物

氯鉑酸（H₂PtCl₆）是合成很多鉑化合物的原料

鉑最常見的鹵化物是二氯化鉑（PtCl₂）和四氯化鉑（PtCl₄），其中，二氯化鉑存在α和β兩種晶型，β型晶體具有分散的Pt₆Cl₁₂單元，具有揮發性。^[1]β-PtCl₂在500 °C會轉變為α-PtCl₂。它可由氯鉑酸的熱分解製得。^[2]四氯化鉑為聚合結構，鉑由橋聯的氯連接。它也可由氯鉑酸分解得到，但產物需要在氯氣中加熱提純。^[3]

蔡斯鹽（K[PtCl₃(C₂H₄)]）是最早被報道的金屬有機化合物之一，它最初由PtCl₄為原料反應製得，後面人們發現使用K₂[PtCl₄]和乙烯在催化下反應，也能得到該化合物。^[4]^[5]

鉑-氧化合物

鉑存在多種氧化物，其中，一氧化鉑（PtO）可由二氧化鉑（PtO₂）或氫氧化亞鉑（Pt(OH)₂）的熱分解製得。二氧化鉑可由氯鉑酸或氯鉑酸銨在硝酸鈉熔體中分解得到。^[6]

羧酸鉑也是重要的含Pt-O鍵的化合物。乙酸鉑(II)可由乙酸銀和氯化鉑(II)反應製得，^[7]它具有四聚體結構，和三聚的乙酸鈀不同。^[8]以四氯合鉑酸鉀或二溴化鉑為原料進行該反應，得到的產物為含Pt(II)和Pt(III)的混合價態的乙酸鹽，「乙酸鉑藍」（PAB）。^[9]PAB可用於製備混合金屬的乙酸鉑，如PtIn(OAc)₅、PtCo(OAc)₄(OH₂)·AcOH等。^[10]

其它鉑化合物

鉑可以和膦形成配合物。例如，四(三苯基膦)鉑(0)可由氯亞鉑酸鉀在乙醇中和氫氧化鉀、三苯基膦（PPh₃）反應製得，它是淺黃色粉末，在空氣中分解，在乙醇中煮沸可以得到三(三苯基膦)鉑(0)。^[11]三(三苯基膦)鉑(0)和氧反應，可以得到Pt(O₂)(PPh₃)₂，它進一步和一氧化氮反應，可以得到Pt(NO₂)₂(PPh₃)₂。^[12]

參考文獻

^ Schweizer, A. E.; Kerr, G. T. Thermal Decomposition of Hexachloroplatinic Acid. Inorganic Chemistry. 1978, 17 (8): 2326–2327. doi:10.1021/ic50186a067.
^ Kerr, G. T.; Schweizer, A. E. β-Platinum(II) Chloride. Inorg. Synth. 2007, 20: 48–49. ISBN 978-0-470-13251-7. doi:10.1002/9780470132517.ch14.
^ Handbuch der präparativen anorganischen Chemie. 1 3., umgearb. Aufl. Stuttgart: Enke. 1975: 1709. ISBN 978-3-432-02328-1.
^ Zeise, W. C. Von der Wirkung zwischen Platinchlorid und Alkohol, und von den dabei entstehenden neuen Substanzen [On the reaction between platinum chloride and alcohol, and its resulting new substances]. Ann. Phys. Chem. 1831, 97 (4): 497–541. Bibcode:1831AnP....97..497Z. doi:10.1002/andp.18310970402 （German）.
^ Chock, P. B.; Halpern, J.; Paulik, F. E.; Shupack, Saul I.; Deangelis, Thomas P. Potassium Trichloro(Ethene)Platinate(II) (Zeise's Salt). Inorganic Syntheses. January 1990, 28: 349–351. ISBN 978-0-471-52619-3. OCLC 86223997. doi:10.1002/9780470132593.ch90.
^ Adams, Roger; Voorhees, V.; Shriner, R. L. Platinum catalyst for reductions. Organic Syntheses. 1928, 8: 92. doi:10.15227/orgsyn.008.0092.
^ Marino Basato; Andrea Biffis; Gianluca Martinati; Cristina Tubaro; Alfonso Venzo; Paolo Ganis; Franco Benetollo. Reaction of Platinum Acetate with Phosphines and Molecular Structure of trans-[Pt(OAc)₂(PPh₃)₂]. Inorganica Chimica Acta. 2003, 355: 399–403. doi:10.1016/S0020-1693(03)00314-1.
^ Markov, Alexander A.; Yakushev, Ilya A.; Churakov, Andrey V.; Khrustalev, Victor N.; Cherkashina, Natalia V.; Stolarov, Igor P.; Gekhman, Alexander E.; Vargaftik, Michael N. Structure and Quantum Chemical Study of Crystalline Platinum(II) Acetate. Mendeleev Communications. 2019, 29 (5): 489–491. doi:10.1016/j.mencom.2019.09.003.
^ Natalia V. Cherkashina; et al. Platinum Acetate Blue: Synthesis and Characterization. Inorg. Chem. 2014, 53, 16, 8397–8406. doi:10.1021/ic500940a
^ Ilya A. Yakushev; et al. Two routes to platinum-based carboxylate-bridged heterometallics. Inorganica Chimica Acta, 2020. 508. 119631. doi:10.1016/j.ica.2020.119631.
^ R. Ugo, F. Cariati, G. La Monica, Joseph J. Mrowca. Tris- and Tetrakis(Triphenyl-Phosphine)Platinum (0). Inorganic Syntheses, Volume 11. 1968. doi:10.1002/9780470132425.ch20.
^ S. Cenini; R. Ugo; G. La Monica; S.D. Robinson (1972). Zerovalent platinum chemistry. VIII. The reactions of nitric oxide with tris- and tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) platinum(0). Inorganic Chimica Acta, 6. doi:10.1016/s0020-1693(00)91781-x.

[dec-1] Schweizer, A. E.; Kerr, G. T. Thermal Decomposition of Hexachloroplatinic Acid. Inorganic Chemistry. 1978, 17 (8): 2326–2327. doi:10.1021/ic50186a067.

[2] Kerr, G. T.; Schweizer, A. E. β-Platinum(II) Chloride. Inorg. Synth. 2007, 20: 48–49. ISBN 978-0-470-13251-7. doi:10.1002/9780470132517.ch14.

[brauer-3] Handbuch der präparativen anorganischen Chemie. 1 3., umgearb. Aufl. Stuttgart: Enke. 1975: 1709. ISBN 978-3-432-02328-1.

[4] Zeise, W. C. Von der Wirkung zwischen Platinchlorid und Alkohol, und von den dabei entstehenden neuen Substanzen [On the reaction between platinum chloride and alcohol, and its resulting new substances]. Ann. Phys. Chem. 1831, 97 (4): 497–541. Bibcode:1831AnP....97..497Z. doi:10.1002/andp.18310970402 （German）.

[5] Chock, P. B.; Halpern, J.; Paulik, F. E.; Shupack, Saul I.; Deangelis, Thomas P. Potassium Trichloro(Ethene)Platinate(II) (Zeise's Salt). Inorganic Syntheses. January 1990, 28: 349–351. ISBN 978-0-471-52619-3. OCLC 86223997. doi:10.1002/9780470132593.ch90.

[6] Adams, Roger; Voorhees, V.; Shriner, R. L. Platinum catalyst for reductions. Organic Syntheses. 1928, 8: 92. doi:10.15227/orgsyn.008.0092.

[7] Marino Basato; Andrea Biffis; Gianluca Martinati; Cristina Tubaro; Alfonso Venzo; Paolo Ganis; Franco Benetollo. Reaction of Platinum Acetate with Phosphines and Molecular Structure of trans-[Pt(OAc)₂(PPh₃)₂]. Inorganica Chimica Acta. 2003, 355: 399–403. doi:10.1016/S0020-1693(03)00314-1.

[8] Markov, Alexander A.; Yakushev, Ilya A.; Churakov, Andrey V.; Khrustalev, Victor N.; Cherkashina, Natalia V.; Stolarov, Igor P.; Gekhman, Alexander E.; Vargaftik, Michael N. Structure and Quantum Chemical Study of Crystalline Platinum(II) Acetate. Mendeleev Communications. 2019, 29 (5): 489–491. doi:10.1016/j.mencom.2019.09.003.

[9] Natalia V. Cherkashina; et al. Platinum Acetate Blue: Synthesis and Characterization. Inorg. Chem. 2014, 53, 16, 8397–8406. doi:10.1021/ic500940a

[10] Ilya A. Yakushev; et al. Two routes to platinum-based carboxylate-bridged heterometallics. Inorganica Chimica Acta, 2020. 508. 119631. doi:10.1016/j.ica.2020.119631.

[11] R. Ugo, F. Cariati, G. La Monica, Joseph J. Mrowca. Tris- and Tetrakis(Triphenyl-Phosphine)Platinum (0). Inorganic Syntheses, Volume 11. 1968. doi:10.1002/9780470132425.ch20.

[12] S. Cenini; R. Ugo; G. La Monica; S.D. Robinson (1972). Zerovalent platinum chemistry. VIII. The reactions of nitric oxide with tris- and tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) platinum(0). Inorganic Chimica Acta, 6. doi:10.1016/s0020-1693(00)91781-x.

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