非拉丁裔白人
非拉丁裔白人（英語：Non-Latino whites）也稱非西班牙裔白人（英語：Non-Hispanic whites），根據美國人口普查局的定義，這個族裔包括歐裔美國人、中東裔美國人以及北非裔美國人。[4][5]這一名詞的提出是為了對白人進行細分，與拉丁裔的白人進行區別。歐裔美國人代表著很多種族群體，包括德裔、愛爾蘭裔、英格蘭裔、義大利裔以及波蘭裔。在美國，歐裔美國人最初是指歐洲殖民者及其後人。自19世紀以來，由於歐洲移民的輸入，歐裔美國人的數量一直以來都在不斷增長，特別是德國、愛爾蘭、英格蘭、義大利、希臘、荷蘭、法國、威爾斯、以及波蘭、俄羅斯等國家向美國輸出的移民。從文化的角度來說，非拉丁裔白人通常指使用英語的白人，而拉丁裔白人則指使用西班牙語的白人。[6]在美國的某些地區，有的時候會使用「盎格魯裔美國人」（英語：Anglo-American）一詞來指代那些以英語為母語的非拉丁裔白人。[7][8][9]
| 非拉丁裔白人 | |
|---|---|
 | |
| 總人口 | |
| 204,300,000（2020年）[1] 美國總人口的61.6%（2020年）[2] 191,722,195 （2020年）（單一種族）[1] 美國總人口的57.8%（2020年）[2] | |
| 分佈地區 | |
| 遍及全美，但在夏威夷州、加利福尼亞州、新墨西哥州、德克薩斯州以及大部分主要城市中並不占多數 | |
| 語言 | |
| 主要使用美式英語[3] | |
| 相關族群 | |
| 歐裔美國人 歐洲移民 |
各州數據
| 州/領地 | 1990年人口 | % | 2000年人口 | % | 2010年人口 | % | 2020年人口 | % | 2010年-2020年人口增長率 | 1990年-2020年人口占比增長率 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 阿拉巴馬州
|
2,960,167 | 73.3% | 3,125,819 | 70.3% | 3,204,402 | 67.0% | 3,171,351 | 65.3% | -1.0% | -11.0% |
 阿拉斯加州
|
406,722 | 73.9% | 423,788 | 67.6% | 455,320 | 64.1% | 421,758 | 57.5% | -7.4% | -22.2% |
 亞利桑那州
|
2,626,185 | 71.7% | 3,274,258 | 63.8% | 3,695,647 | 57.8% | 3,816,547 | 53.4% | +3.3% | -25.5% |
 阿肯色州
|
1,933,082 | 82.2% | 2,100,135 | 78.6% | 2,173,469 | 74.5% | 2,063,550 | 68.5% | -5.0% | -16.7% |
 加利福尼亞州
|
17,029,126 | 57.2% | 15,816,790 | 46.7% | 14,956,253 | 40.1% | 13,714,587 | 34.7% | -8.3% | -39.3% |
 科羅拉多州
|
2,658,945 | 80.7% | 3,202,880 | 74.5% | 3,520,793 | 70.0% | 3,760,663 | 65.1% | +6.8% | -19.3% |
 康乃狄克州
|
2,754,184 | 83.8% | 2,638,845 | 77.5% | 2,546,262 | 71.2% | 2,279,232 | 63.2% | -10.5% | -24.6% |
 德拉瓦州
|
528,092 | 79.3% | 567,973 | 72.5% | 586,752 | 65.3% | 579,851 | 58.6% | -1.2% | -26.1% |
 華盛頓哥倫比亞特區
|
166,131 | 27.4% | 159,178 | 27.8% | 209,464 | 34.8% | 261,771 | 38.0% | +25.0% | +38.7% |
 佛羅里達州
|
9,475,326 | 73.2% | 10,458,509 | 65.4% | 10,884,722 | 57.9% | 11,100,503 | 51.5% | +1.2% | -29.6% |
 喬治亞州
|
4,543,425 | 70.1% | 5,128,661 | 62.6% | 5,413,920 | 55.9% | 5,362,156 | 50.1% | -1.0% | -28.5% |
 夏威夷州
|
347,644 | 31.4% | 277,091 | 22.9% | 309,343 | 22.7% | 314,365 | 21.6% | +1.6% | -31.2% |
 愛達荷州
|
928,661 | 92.2% | 1,139,291 | 88.0% | 1,316,243 | 84.0% | 1,450,523 | 81.7% | +10.2% | -11.4% |
 伊利諾州
|
8,550,208 | 74.8% | 8,424,140 | 67.8% | 8,167,753 | 63.7% | 7,472,751 | 58.3% | -8.5% | -22.1% |
 印第安納州
|
4,965,242 | 89.6% | 5,219,373 | 85.8% | 5,286,453 | 81.5% | 5,266,034 | 75.5% | -0.4% | -15.7% |
 愛荷華州
|
2,663,840 | 95.9% | 2,710,344 | 92.6% | 2,701,123 | 88.7% | 2,638,201 | 82.7% | -6.8% | -10.9% |
 堪薩斯州
|
2,190,524 | 88.4% | 2,233,997 | 83.1% | 2,230,539 | 78.2% | 2,122,575 | 72.2% | -4.9% | -18.3% |
 肯塔基州
|
3,378,022 | 91.7% | 3,608,013 | 89.3% | 3,745,655 | 86.3% | 3,664,764 | 81.3% | -2.2% | -11.3% |
 路易斯安那州
|
2,776,022 | 65.8% | 2,794,391 | 62.5% | 2,734,884 | 60.3% | 2,596,702 | 55.8% | -5.1% | -15.2% |
 緬因州
|
1,203,357 | 98.0% | 1,230,297 | 96.5% | 1,254,297 | 94.4% | 1,245,632 | 90.2% | -2.1% | -8.0% |
 馬里蘭州
|
3,326,109 | 69.6% | 3,286,547 | 62.1% | 3,157,958 | 54.7% | 3,035,979 | 47.2% | -7.7% | -32.2% |
 麻薩諸塞州
|
5,280,292 | 87.8% | 5,198,359 | 81.9% | 4,984,800 | 76.1% | 4,748,897 | 67.6% | -4.7% | -23.0% |
 密西根州
|
7,649,951 | 82.3% | 7,806,691 | 78.6% | 7,569,939 | 76.6% | 7,295,651 | 72.4% | -3.6% | -12% |
 明尼蘇達州
|
4,101,266 | 93.7% | 4,337,143 | 88.2% | 4,405,142 | 83.1% | 4,353,880 | 79.4% | -1.2% | -15.3% |
 密西西比州
|
1,624,198 | 63.1% | 1,727,908 | 60.7% | 1,722,287 | 58.0% | 1,639,077 | 55.4% | -4.8% | -12.2% |
 密蘇里州
|
4,448,465 | 86.9% | 4,686,474 | 83.8% | 4,850,748 | 81.0% | 4,663,907 | 75.8% | -3.9% | -12.8% |
 蒙大拿州
|
733,878 | 91.8% | 807,823 | 89.5% | 868,628 | 87.8% | 901,318 | 83.1% | +3.8% | -9.5% |
 內布拉斯加州
|
1,460,095 | 92.5% | 1,494,494 | 87.3% | 1,499,753 | 82.1% | 1,484,687 | 75.7% | -1.0% | -28.2% |
 內華達州
|
946,357 | 78.7% | 1,303,001 | 65.2% | 1,462,081 | 54.1% | 1,425,952 | 45.9% | -3.5% | -41.7% |
 新罕布夏州
|
1,079,484 | 97.3% | 1,175,252 | 95.1% | 1,215,050 | 92.3% | 1,200,649 | 87.2% | -1.2% | -10.4% |
 紐澤西州
|
5,718,966 | 74.0% | 5,557,209 | 66.0% | 5,214,878 | 59.3% | 4,863,535 | 51.8% | -7.6% | -30% |
 新墨西哥州
|
764,164 | 50.4% | 813,495 | 44.7% | 833,810 | 40.5% | 772,952 | 36.5% | -7.3% | -26.6% |
 紐約州
|
12,460,189 | 69.3% | 11,760,981 | 62.0% | 11,304,247 | 58.3% | 10,598,907 | 52.5% | -6.4% | -24.2% |
 北卡羅萊納州
|
4,971,127 | 75.0% | 5,647,155 | 70.2% | 6,223,995 | 65.3% | 6,312,148 | 60.5% | +1.4% | -19.3 pp |
 北達科他州
|
601,592 | 94.2% | 589,149 | 91.7% | 598,007 | 88.9% | 636,160 | 81.7% | +6.4% | -13.1% |
 俄亥俄州
|
9,444,622 | 87.1% | 9,538,111 | 84.0% | 9,359,263 | 81.1% | 8,954,135 | 75.9% | -4.3% | -12.9% |
 奧克拉荷馬州
|
2,547,588 | 81.0% | 2,556,368 | 74.1% | 2,575,381 | 68.7% | 2,407,188 | 60.8% | -6.5% | -25% |
 奧勒岡州
|
2,579,732 | 90.8% | 2,857,616 | 83.5% | 3,005,848 | 78.5% | 3,036,158 | 71.7% | +1.0% | -21.0% |
 賓夕法尼亞州
|
10,422,058 | 87.7% | 10,322,455 | 84.1% | 10,094,652 | 79.5% | 9,725,769 | 73.5% | -5.4% | -16.2% |
 羅德島州
|
896,109 | 89.3% | 858,433 | 81.9% | 803,685 | 76.4% | 754,050 | 68.7% | -6.2% | -23.1% |
 南卡羅萊納州
|
2,390,056 | 68.5% | 2,652,291 | 66.1% | 2,962,740 | 64.1% | 3,178,552 | 62.1% | +7.3% | -9.3% |
 南達科他州
|
634,788 | 91.2% | 664,585 | 88.0% | 689,502 | 84.7% | 705,583 | 79.6% | +2.3% | -12.7% |
 田納西州
|
4,027,631 | 82.6% | 4,505,930 | 79.2% | 4,800,782 | 75.6% | 4,900,246 | 70.9% | +2.1% | -14.2% |
 德克薩斯州
|
10,291,680 | 60.6% | 10,933,313 | 52.4% | 11,397,345 | 45.3% | 11,884,773 | 39.7% | +1.6% | -34.5% |
 猶他州
|
1,571,254 | 91.2% | 1,904,265 | 85.3% | 2,221,719 | 80.4% | 2,465,355 | 75.4% | +11.0% | -17.3% |
 佛蒙特州
|
552,184 | 98.1% | 585,431 | 96.2% | 590,223 | 94.3% | 573,201 | 89.1% | -2.9% | -9.2% |
 維吉尼亞州
|
4,701,650 | 76.0% | 4,965,637 | 70.2% | 5,186,450 | 64.8% | 5,058,363 | 58.6% | -2.5% | -29.9% |
 華盛頓州
|
4,221,622 | 86.7% | 4,652,490 | 78.9% | 4,876,804 | 72.5% | 4,918,820 | 63.8% | +0.9% | -26.4% |
 西維吉尼亞州
|
1,718,896 | 95.8% | 1,709,966 | 94.6% | 1,726,256 | 93.2% | 1,598,834 | 89.1% | -7.4% | -7.0% |
 威斯康辛州
|
4,464,677 | 91.3% | 4,681,630 | 87.3% | 4,738,411 | 83.3% | 4,634,018 | 78.6% | -2.2% | -13.9% |
 懷俄明州
|
412,711 | 91.0% | 438,799 | 88.9% | 483,874 | 85.9% | 469,664 | 81.4% | -2.9% | -10.5% |
 美屬薩摩亞
|
682 | 1.2% | 611 | 1.1% | ||||||
 關島
|
10,666 | 6.9% | 11,001 | 6.9% | ||||||
 北馬利安納群島
|
1,274 | 1.8% | 916 | 1.7% | ||||||
 波多黎各
|
33,966 | 0.9% | 26,946 | 0.7% | 24,548 | 0.8% | -8.9% | |||
 美屬維京群島
|
8,580 | 7.9% | 3,830 | 3.6% | ||||||
 全美
|
188,128,296 | 75.6% | 194,552,774 | 69.1% | 196,817,552 | 63.7% | 191,697,647 | 57.8% | -2.6% | –23.5% |
參考文獻
- ^ 1.0 1.1 Race and Ethnicity in the United States: 2010 Census and 2020 Census. United State census bureau. [2022-01-01]. （原始內容存檔於2021-08-15）.
- ^ 2.0 2.1 HANSI LO WANG. This Is How The White Population Is Actually Changing Based On New Census Data. NPR. [2022-01-01]. （原始內容存檔於2022-06-15）.
- ^ Table 53. Languages Spoken At Home by Language: 2009, The 2012 Statistical Abstract (U.S. Census Bureau), [2011-12-27], （原始內容存檔於2007-12-25）
- ^ White persons, percent, 2000. 4 January 2011 [19 August 2017]. （原始內容存檔於4 January 2011）.
- ^ Bureau, U.S. Census. U.S. Census website. United States Census Bureau. [19 August 2017]. （原始內容存檔於2021-07-09）.
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- ^ Oxford English Dictionary: "Anglo" （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） North American A white English-speaking person of British or northern European origin, in particular (in the U.S.) as distinct from a Hispanic American or (in Canada) as distinct from a French-speaker.
- ^ Mish, Frederic C., Editor in Chief Webster's Tenth New Collegiate Dictionary Springfield, Massachusetts, U.S.A.:1994--Merriam-Webster See original definition (definition #1) of Anglo in English: It is defined as a synonym for Anglo-American--Page 86
- ^ Anglo - Definitions from Dictionary.com; American Heritage Dictionary. Lexico Publishing Group. [2008-03-29]. （原始內容存檔於15 March 2008）.
Usage Note: In contemporary American usage, Anglo is used primarily in direct contrast to Hispanic or Latino. In this context it is not limited to persons of English or even British descent, but can be generally applied to any non-Hispanic white person, making mother tongue (in this case English) the primary factor. Thus in parts of the United States such as the Southwest United States with large Hispanic populations, an American of Polish, Irish, or German heritage might be termed an Anglo just as readily as a person of English descent. However, in parts of the country where the Hispanic community is smaller or nonexistent, or in areas where ethnic distinctions among European groups remain strong, Anglo has little currency as a catch-all term for non-Hispanic whites. Anglo is also used in non-Hispanic contexts. In Canada, where its usage dates at least to 1800, the distinction is between persons of English and French descent. And in American historical contexts Anglo is apt to be used more strictly to refer to persons of English heritage, as in this passage describing the politics of nation-building in pre-Revolutionary America: "The 'unity' of the American people derived ... from the ability and willingness of an Anglo elite to stamp its image on other peoples coming to this country" (Benjamin Schwarz).
- ^ 2012 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates. American FactFinder, U.S. Census Bureau. [23 March 2014]. （原始內容存檔於12 February 2020）.
- ^ 2010 Census. Census.gov. [2017-08-19]. （原始內容存檔於2017-05-22）.
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- ^ 2020 Census Demographic Data Map Viewer. US Census Bureau. [24 September 2021]. （原始內容存檔於2021-08-12）.
- ^ Race and Ethnicity in the United States: 2010 Census and 2020 Census. US Census Bureau. [24 September 2021]. （原始內容存檔於2021-08-15）.