N-乙酰血清素
N-乙醯血清素(英語:N-Acetylserotonin,NAS,也作normelatonin)是一種天然存在的化合物,是從血清素到褪黑素的內源性合成的反應中間體[1][2]。它由血清素(又稱為5-羥色胺)在N-乙醯基轉移酶(AANAT)催化下與乙醯輔酶A反應產生,然後N-乙醯血清素再在乙醯血清素O-甲基轉移酶(ASMT)催化下被S-腺苷甲硫氨酸甲基化為褪黑素。和褪黑素一樣,N-乙醯血清素也是褪黑素受體(MT1、MT2和MT3)的激動劑,並且可以被認為是一種神經遞質。[3][4][5][6]
N-乙醯血清素 | |
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IUPAC名 N-[2-(5-hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]acetamide | |
英文名 | N-Acetylserotonin |
別名 | NAS |
識別 | |
CAS號 | 1210-83-9 |
PubChem | 903 |
ChemSpider | 879 |
SMILES |
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InChI |
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InChIKey | MVAWJSIDNICKHF-UHFFFAOYAX |
ChEBI | 17697 |
MeSH | N-Acetylserotonin N-Acetylserotonin |
性質 | |
化學式 | C12H14N2O2 |
莫耳質量 | 218.252 g·mol⁻¹ |
密度 | 1.268 g/mL |
若非註明,所有數據均出自標準狀態(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。 |
最近,NAS已經顯示出作為一種有效力的TrkB受體激動劑,而血清素和褪黑激素並沒有此種機制。[3] 以"TrkB受體"為介導(TrkB-mediated)而產生出強勁的抗抑鬱,神經保護(neuroprotection)和神經營養因子等效果。[3]
此外,光線照射抑制NAS的合成、和減少單胺氧化抑製劑的抗抑鬱作用。[3] 這些數據強烈支持NAS在調節情緒和引起抗抑鬱藥的治療效益之作用。
通過目前未知的機制,NAS可能是姿位性低血壓的引發因子、且以"單胺氧化抑製劑"(MAOIs)作臨床治療。[7][8] It reduces blood pressure in rodents, and pinealectomy (the pineal gland being a major site of NAS and melatonin synthesis) abolishes the hypotensive effects of clorgyline.[7][8] 為什麼"姿位性低血壓"常見與"單胺氧化抑製劑"(MAOIs)一起發生,而不與SSRIs(這兩者均增加NAS級別)一起,而這方面並不清楚。
另見
參考文獻
- ^ AXELROD J, WEISSBACH H. Enzymatic O-methylation of N-acetylserotonin to melatonin. Science. April 1960, 131 (3409): 1312 [2014-01-15]. PMID 13795316. doi:10.1126/science.131.3409.1312. (原始內容存檔於2019-10-18).
- ^ WEISSBACH H, REDFIELD BG, AXELROD J. Biosynthesis of melatonin: enzymic conversion of serotonin to N-acetylserotonin. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. September 1960, 43: 352–3. PMID 13784117. doi:10.1016/0006-3002(60)90453-4.
- ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Jang SW, Liu X, Pradoldej S; et al. N-acetylserotonin activates TrkB receptor in a circadian rhythm. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. February 2010, 107 (8): 3876 [2014-01-15]. PMC 2840510 . PMID 20133677. doi:10.1073/pnas.0912531107. (原始內容存檔於2019-10-18).
- ^ Zhao H, Poon AM, Pang SF. Pharmacological characterization, molecular subtyping, and autoradiographic localization of putative melatonin receptors in uterine endometrium of estrous rats. Life Sciences. March 2000, 66 (17): 1581–91 [2014-01-15]. PMID 11261588. doi:10.1016/S0024-3205(00)00478-1. (原始內容存檔於2019-01-25).
- ^ Nonno R, Pannacci M, Lucini V, Angeloni D, Fraschini F, Stankov BM. Ligand efficacy and potency at recombinant human MT2 melatonin receptors: evidence for agonist activity of some mt1-antagonists. British Journal of Pharmacology. July 1999, 127 (5): 1288–94. PMC 1566130 . PMID 10455277. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0702658.
- ^ Paul P, Lahaye C, Delagrange P, Nicolas JP, Canet E, Boutin JA. Characterization of 2-[125I]iodomelatonin binding sites in Syrian hamster peripheral organs. The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. July 1999, 290 (1): 334–40 [2014-01-15]. PMID 10381796. (原始內容存檔於2019-12-15).
- ^ 7.0 7.1 Oxenkrug GF. [N-acetylserotonin and hypotensive effect of MAO-A inhibitors]. Voprosy Meditsinskoi Khimii. 1997, 43 (6): 522–6. PMID 9503569 (俄語).
- ^ 8.0 8.1 引用錯誤:沒有為名為
pmid10591054
的參考文獻提供內容