先光海葵属

中华先光海葵; 化石时期：寒武纪第三期, 518 Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N ▼
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	刺胞動物門 Cnidaria
纲：	珊瑚綱 Anthozoa
目：	海葵目 Actiniaria
属：	†先光海葵属 Xianguangia
种：	中华先光海葵 X. sinica
二名法
	Xianguangia sinica; Chen & Erdtmann, 1991
異名
	Chengjiangopenna wangii; Galeaplumosus abilus

先光海葵属（学名：Xianguangia）是一种来自中国澄江生物群的软体海葵类化石动物。^[2]该物种的属名来自中国古生物学家侯先光。

描述

先光海葵体呈圆柱形，口盘周围有一圈近16条触手，与现代珊瑚虫相似。触手呈羽毛状，在轴的两侧有密集的小羽，这很适合滤食。底部的碗形附着盘可能通常被埋在沉积物中，以允许其在海底的固定策略。踏板盘上方的身体宽阔且呈圆柱形，可能对应于内部胃血管腔。它在表面上显示出几个明显的纵向凹槽和脊，表明可能存在肠系膜。^[3]然，而它的系统发生亲和力仍然存在疑问；^[3]它甚至被指称与埃迪卡拉生物群的成员有关。^[4]

这些化石是在中国云南省发现的，最初被描述为三个不同的物种，分别为Xianguangia sinica 、Chengjiangopenna wangii和Galeaplumosus abilus，然后在2017年被提议组合成一个物种，也就是Xianguangia sinica。^[5]该物种是息肉状的，它的胃腔被隔膜隔开；它的固定器中有第二个体腔，还有密密麻麻的羽毛状触须，这表明它是滤食性动物。早期的刺胞动物可能也是底栖悬索动物，这与后来主要是掠食性的刺胞动物不同。^[5]

参考资料

^ Yang, C.; Li, X.-H.; Zhu, M.; Condon, D. J.; Chen, J. Geochronological constraint on the Cambrian Chengjiang biota, South China (PDF). Journal of the Geological Society. 2018, 175 (4): 659–666 [2023-02-15]. ISSN 0016-7649. doi:10.1144/jgs2017-103. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2022-10-09）（英语）.
^ Erwin, D. H.; Laflamme, M.; Tweedt, S. M.; Sperling, E. A.; Pisani, D.; Peterson, K. J. The Cambrian Conundrum: Early Divergence and Later Ecological Success in the Early History of Animals. Science. 2011, 334 (6059): 1091–1097. Bibcode:2011Sci...334.1091E. PMID 22116879. S2CID 7737847. doi:10.1126/science.1206375.
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 Qian-Ping Leia; et al. Sedentary habits of anthozoa-like animals in the Chengjiang Lagerstätte: Adaptive strategies for Phanerozoic-style soft substrates. Gondwana Research. 2013, 25 (3): 966–974. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2013.01.007.
^ Han, J.; Kubota, S.; Uchida, H. O.; Stanley Jr, G. D.; Yao, X.; Shu, D.; Li, Y.; Yasui, K. Lalueza-Fox, Carles , 编. Tiny Sea Anemone from the Lower Cambrian of China. PLOS ONE. 2010, 5 (10): e13276. Bibcode:2010PLoSO...513276H. PMC 2954142  . PMID 20967244. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0013276  .
^ ^5.0 ^5.1 Ou, Qiang; Han, Jian; Zhang, Zhifei; Shu, Degan; Sun, Ge; Mayer, Georg. Three Cambrian fossils assembled into an extinct body plan of cnidarian affinity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2017-07-31, 114 (33): 8835–8840. PMC 5565419  . PMID 28760981. doi:10.1073/pnas.1701650114  .

[1] Yang, C.; Li, X.-H.; Zhu, M.; Condon, D. J.; Chen, J. Geochronological constraint on the Cambrian Chengjiang biota, South China (PDF). Journal of the Geological Society. 2018, 175 (4): 659–666 [2023-02-15]. ISSN 0016-7649. doi:10.1144/jgs2017-103. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2022-10-09）（英语）.

[Erwin2011-2] Erwin, D. H.; Laflamme, M.; Tweedt, S. M.; Sperling, E. A.; Pisani, D.; Peterson, K. J. The Cambrian Conundrum: Early Divergence and Later Ecological Success in the Early History of Animals. Science. 2011, 334 (6059): 1091–1097. Bibcode:2011Sci...334.1091E. PMID 22116879. S2CID 7737847. doi:10.1126/science.1206375.

[Qian-Ping2013-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Qian-Ping Leia; et al. Sedentary habits of anthozoa-like animals in the Chengjiang Lagerstätte: Adaptive strategies for Phanerozoic-style soft substrates. Gondwana Research. 2013, 25 (3): 966–974. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2013.01.007.

[Han2010-4] Han, J.; Kubota, S.; Uchida, H. O.; Stanley Jr, G. D.; Yao, X.; Shu, D.; Li, Y.; Yasui, K. Lalueza-Fox, Carles , 编. Tiny Sea Anemone from the Lower Cambrian of China. PLOS ONE. 2010, 5 (10): e13276. Bibcode:2010PLoSO...513276H. PMC 2954142  . PMID 20967244. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0013276  .

[Ou_Han_Zhang_Shu_pp._8835–8840-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Ou, Qiang; Han, Jian; Zhang, Zhifei; Shu, Degan; Sun, Ge; Mayer, Georg. Three Cambrian fossils assembled into an extinct body plan of cnidarian affinity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2017-07-31, 114 (33): 8835–8840. PMC 5565419  . PMID 28760981. doi:10.1073/pnas.1701650114  .

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