心灵感应

心灵感应（telepathy）意为“远距（tele-）感应（-pathy）”，是指不借助任何感官或物理途径，将訊息传递给另一个人的现象或能力；在報導中，這些訊息往往被描述為和普通感官接收的訊息相同。该词由F. W. H. 梅耶尔（英语：Frederic William Henry Myers）1882年所创^[1]，又译作心電感應。在中华文化中称所屬神通为他心通或心有靈犀。

一个经典的心灵感应事例是中国元代著名典籍《二十四孝》中的“啮指痛心”，其中写道：孔子的弟子曾参入山打柴，家里来了客人，母亲不知所措，就用牙咬自己的手指。曾参忽然觉得心疼，背起柴迅速返回家中，跪问缘故。母亲说：“有客人忽然到来，我咬手指让你知道。”曾子很孝顺，因此对母亲痛苦有着很强的感知力。后人也以诗颂之：“母指方才啮，儿心痛不禁。负薪归未晚，骨肉至情深。”

关于如何探测、了解和使用心灵感应已有很多研究，譬如甘茲菲爾德實驗（英语：Ganzfeld_experiment），但由于无法通过科学性的重复检验，科学界一般认为心灵感应不是真实的现象。^[2]^[3]^[4]而且，此現象的各種解釋都無法與現今科學銜接，所以心靈感應目前屬於“玄學”領域，不能稱為「心靈感應理論」。

但由於人類時常觀察到所謂「奇異的交流」和類似現象，當代在研究歷史、虛構作品或信仰時，常用心靈感應或類似觀念作解釋。

有些人往往把心靈感應和預知、透視、同理心等幾個類似的玄學現象連在一起。一些宗教概念也認為心靈感應是連接心中自性的重要成分。

越南语称之为“神交隔感”（thần giao cách cảm），日语则用“以心伝心”或者直译英文“テレパシー”。

引用

^ Hamilton, Trevor. Immortal Longings: F.W.H. Myers and the Victorian search for life after death. Imprint Academic. 2009: 121. ISBN 978-1-84540-248-8.
^ Jan Dalkvist. Telepathic group communication of emotions as a function of belief in telepathy. Dept. of Psychology, Stockholm University. 1994 [5 October 2011]. （原始内容存档于2020-08-13）. Within the scientific community however, the claim that psi anomalies exist or may exist is in general regarded with skepticism. One reason for this difference between the scientist and the non scientist is that the former relies on on his own experiences and anecdotal reports of psi phenomena, whereas the scientist at least officially requires replicable results from well controlled experiments to believe in such phenomena - results which according to the prevailing view among scientists, do not exist.
^ Willem B. Drees. Religion, Science and Naturalism. Cambridge University Press. 28 November 1998: 242– [5 October 2011]. ISBN 978-0-521-64562-1. （原始内容存档于2020-07-30）. Let me take the example of claims in parapsychology regarding telepathy across spatial or temporal distances, apparently without a mediating physical process. Such claims are at odds with the scientific consensus.
^ 美科学家发现“心灵感应”背后机制. 中国科学报. 2016-04-20 [2017-11-17]. （原始内容存档于2017-11-17）.

參見

讀心術一词有其他含义，不宜与此混淆
微波聽覺效應
Subvocal recognition（英语：Subvocal recognition）
齊訥卡片
超心理学
動物傳心

[hamilton121-1] Hamilton, Trevor. Immortal Longings: F.W.H. Myers and the Victorian search for life after death. Imprint Academic. 2009: 121. ISBN 978-1-84540-248-8.

[Dalkvist1994-2] Jan Dalkvist. Telepathic group communication of emotions as a function of belief in telepathy. Dept. of Psychology, Stockholm University. 1994 [5 October 2011]. （原始内容存档于2020-08-13）. Within the scientific community however, the claim that psi anomalies exist or may exist is in general regarded with skepticism. One reason for this difference between the scientist and the non scientist is that the former relies on on his own experiences and anecdotal reports of psi phenomena, whereas the scientist at least officially requires replicable results from well controlled experiments to believe in such phenomena - results which according to the prevailing view among scientists, do not exist.

[Drees1998-3] Willem B. Drees. Religion, Science and Naturalism. Cambridge University Press. 28 November 1998: 242– [5 October 2011]. ISBN 978-0-521-64562-1. （原始内容存档于2020-07-30）. Let me take the example of claims in parapsychology regarding telepathy across spatial or temporal distances, apparently without a mediating physical process. Such claims are at odds with the scientific consensus.

[4] 美科学家发现“心灵感应”背后机制. 中国科学报. 2016-04-20 [2017-11-17]. （原始内容存档于2017-11-17）.

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