沙棘

沙棘
	沙棘
科学分类
界：	植物界 Plantae
演化支：	维管植物 Tracheophyta
演化支：	被子植物 Angiosperms
演化支：	真双子叶植物 Eudicots
演化支：	蔷薇类植物 Rosids
目：	蔷薇目 Rosales
科：	胡颓子科 Elaeagnaceae
属：	沙棘属 Hippophae
种：	沙棘 H. rhamnoides
二名法
	Hippophae rhamnoides; L., 1753
异名
	Elaeagnus rhamnoides; Rhamnoides hippophae; Osyris rhamnoides; Hippophae angustifolia; Hippophae littoralis; Hippophae stourdziana; Hippophae sibirica; Hippophae rhamnoideum; Hippophaë rhamnoides;

沙棘（学名：Hippophae rhamnoides），或作海沙棘^[1]，是沙棘属的一种带有棘刺的落叶多年生小乔木或灌木。其种加词“rhamnoides”源于希腊语，意为“像鼠李的”。原产于亚洲和欧洲的温带、寒温带地区^[2]。沙棘可防风固沙，其果实可以食用或用来制作饮料，此外沙棘果在美容和药用上也有价值。

形态

沙棘的棘刺和果实

作为一种落叶灌木，沙棘的高度在二米至四米之间^[2]，枝干粗糙、外皮呈黑色^[2]，叶披针形^[3]。在种下三年后开花^[1]，雌雄异株，通过风来传播种子^[2]。

单个果实重量在270至480毫克之间，富含维生素C、E、B12^[4]和类胡萝卜素、类黄酮和脂肪酸^[5]。

共生菌

沙棘的根系十分发达，而且当植株成长至一至两年，其根会开始长出含弗兰克氏菌（Frankia，属放线菌门）的固氮共生菌^[6]^[7]^[8]。因着这层关系，种植有沙棘的土壤都含丰富氮肥。共生菌的固氮活动速率并不固定，会受外间天气或额外氮肥的施与而影响^[6]^[9]。

参考文献

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 Bernáth, J.; Földesi, D. Sea Buckthorn ( Hippophae rhamnoides L.):: A Promising New Medicinal and Food Crop. Journal of Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants. 1992-07-13, 1 (1-2): 27–35 [2021-03-05]. ISSN 1049-6475. doi:10.1300/J044v01n01_04. （原始内容存档于2019-12-16）（英语）.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Li, Thomas S.C.; Schroeder, W.R. Sea Buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.): A Multipurpose Plant. HortTechnology. 1996-10, 6 (4): 370–380. ISSN 1063-0198. doi:10.21273/HORTTECH.6.4.370.
^ Synge, PM. Dictionary of gardening: A practical and scientific encyclopaedia of horticulture 2. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1974. ISBN 978-0198691068.
^ Stobdan, Tsering; Chaurasia, Om Prakash; Korekar, Girish; Yadav, Ashish; Singh, Shashi. Attributes of Seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) to Meet Nutritional Requirements in High Altitude.. Defence Science Journal. 2010-03-29, 60 (2): 226–230. doi:10.14429/dsj.60.344. ^{[失效链接]}
^ Bal, Lalit M.; Meda, Venkatesh; Naik, S. N.; Satya, Santosh. Sea buckthorn berries: A potential source of valuable nutrients for nutraceuticals and cosmoceuticals. Food Research International. Exotic Fruits: their Composition, Nutraceutical and Agroindustrial Potential. 2011-08-01, 44 (7): 1718–1727 [2021-03-05]. ISSN 0963-9969. doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2011.03.002. （原始内容存档于2016-01-08）（英语）.
^ ^6.0 ^6.1 Stewart, W. D. P.; Pearson, M. C. Nodulation and nitrogen-fixation byHippophaë rhamnoides L. in the field. Plant and Soil. 1967-04-01, 26 (2): 348–360. ISSN 1573-5036. doi:10.1007/BF01880184 （英语）.
^ Gatner, E. M. S.; Gardner, I. C. Observations on the fine structure of the root nodule endophyte of Hippophaë rhamnoides L.. Archiv für Mikrobiologie. 1970-09-01, 70 (3): 183–196. ISSN 1432-072X. doi:10.1007/BF00407709 （英语）.
^ Rongsen, L.; International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development, Kathmandu (Nepal) eng 165171. Seabuckthorn: a multipurpose plant species for fragile mountains. 1992.
^ Montpetit, D.; Lalonde, M. In vitro propagation and subsequent nodulation of the actinorhizal Hippophae rhamnoides L.. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture. 1988, 15 (3): 189–199. ISSN 0167-6857. doi:10.1007/BF00033643 （英语）.

外部链接

[Foldesi-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Bernáth, J.; Földesi, D. Sea Buckthorn ( Hippophae rhamnoides L.):: A Promising New Medicinal and Food Crop. Journal of Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants. 1992-07-13, 1 (1-2): 27–35 [2021-03-05]. ISSN 1049-6475. doi:10.1300/J044v01n01_04. （原始内容存档于2019-12-16）（英语）.

[Li-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Li, Thomas S.C.; Schroeder, W.R. Sea Buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.): A Multipurpose Plant. HortTechnology. 1996-10, 6 (4): 370–380. ISSN 1063-0198. doi:10.21273/HORTTECH.6.4.370.

[Synge-3] Synge, PM. Dictionary of gardening: A practical and scientific encyclopaedia of horticulture 2. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1974. ISBN 978-0198691068.

[Stobdan-4] Stobdan, Tsering; Chaurasia, Om Prakash; Korekar, Girish; Yadav, Ashish; Singh, Shashi. Attributes of Seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) to Meet Nutritional Requirements in High Altitude.. Defence Science Journal. 2010-03-29, 60 (2): 226–230. doi:10.14429/dsj.60.344. ^{[失效链接]}

[Bal-5] Bal, Lalit M.; Meda, Venkatesh; Naik, S. N.; Satya, Santosh. Sea buckthorn berries: A potential source of valuable nutrients for nutraceuticals and cosmoceuticals. Food Research International. Exotic Fruits: their Composition, Nutraceutical and Agroindustrial Potential. 2011-08-01, 44 (7): 1718–1727 [2021-03-05]. ISSN 0963-9969. doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2011.03.002. （原始内容存档于2016-01-08）（英语）.

[Stewart-6] 6.0 ^6.1 Stewart, W. D. P.; Pearson, M. C. Nodulation and nitrogen-fixation byHippophaë rhamnoides L. in the field. Plant and Soil. 1967-04-01, 26 (2): 348–360. ISSN 1573-5036. doi:10.1007/BF01880184 （英语）.

[Gatner-7] Gatner, E. M. S.; Gardner, I. C. Observations on the fine structure of the root nodule endophyte of Hippophaë rhamnoides L.. Archiv für Mikrobiologie. 1970-09-01, 70 (3): 183–196. ISSN 1432-072X. doi:10.1007/BF00407709 （英语）.

[Lu-8] Rongsen, L.; International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development, Kathmandu (Nepal) eng 165171. Seabuckthorn: a multipurpose plant species for fragile mountains. 1992.

[Montpetit-9] Montpetit, D.; Lalonde, M. In vitro propagation and subsequent nodulation of the actinorhizal Hippophae rhamnoides L.. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture. 1988, 15 (3): 189–199. ISSN 0167-6857. doi:10.1007/BF00033643 （英语）.

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