沙棘

沙棘
	沙棘
科學分類
界：	植物界 Plantae
演化支：	維管束植物 Tracheophyta
演化支：	被子植物 Angiosperms
演化支：	真雙子葉植物 Eudicots
演化支：	薔薇類植物 Rosids
目：	薔薇目 Rosales
科：	胡頹子科 Elaeagnaceae
屬：	沙棘屬 Hippophae
種：	沙棘 H. rhamnoides
二名法
	Hippophae rhamnoides; L., 1753
異名
	Elaeagnus rhamnoides; Rhamnoides hippophae; Osyris rhamnoides; Hippophae angustifolia; Hippophae littoralis; Hippophae stourdziana; Hippophae sibirica; Hippophae rhamnoideum; Hippophaë rhamnoides;

沙棘（學名：Hippophae rhamnoides），或作海沙棘^[1]，是沙棘屬的一種帶有棘刺的落葉多年生小喬木或灌木。其種加詞「rhamnoides」源於希臘語，意為「像鼠李的」。原產於亞洲和歐洲的溫帶、寒溫帶地區^[2]。沙棘可防風固沙，其果實可以食用或用來製作飲料，此外沙棘果在美容和藥用上也有價值。

形態

沙棘的棘刺和果實

作為一種落葉灌木，沙棘的高度在二米至四米之間^[2]，枝幹粗糙、外皮呈黑色^[2]，葉披針形^[3]。在種下三年後開花^[1]，雌雄異株，通過風來傳播種子^[2]。

單個果實重量在270至480毫克之間，富含維生素C、E、B12^[4]和類胡蘿蔔素、類黃酮和脂肪酸^[5]。

共生菌

沙棘的根系十分發達，而且當植株成長至一至兩年，其根會開始長出含弗蘭克氏菌（Frankia，屬放線菌門）的固氮共生菌^[6]^[7]^[8]。因着這層關係，種植有沙棘的土壤都含豐富氮肥。共生菌的固氮活動速率並不固定，會受外間天氣或額外氮肥的施與而影響^[6]^[9]。

參考文獻

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 Bernáth, J.; Földesi, D. Sea Buckthorn ( Hippophae rhamnoides L.):: A Promising New Medicinal and Food Crop. Journal of Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants. 1992-07-13, 1 (1-2): 27–35 [2021-03-05]. ISSN 1049-6475. doi:10.1300/J044v01n01_04. （原始內容存檔於2019-12-16）（英語）.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Li, Thomas S.C.; Schroeder, W.R. Sea Buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.): A Multipurpose Plant. HortTechnology. 1996-10, 6 (4): 370–380. ISSN 1063-0198. doi:10.21273/HORTTECH.6.4.370.
^ Synge, PM. Dictionary of gardening: A practical and scientific encyclopaedia of horticulture 2. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1974. ISBN 978-0198691068.
^ Stobdan, Tsering; Chaurasia, Om Prakash; Korekar, Girish; Yadav, Ashish; Singh, Shashi. Attributes of Seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) to Meet Nutritional Requirements in High Altitude.. Defence Science Journal. 2010-03-29, 60 (2): 226–230. doi:10.14429/dsj.60.344. ^{[失效連結]}
^ Bal, Lalit M.; Meda, Venkatesh; Naik, S. N.; Satya, Santosh. Sea buckthorn berries: A potential source of valuable nutrients for nutraceuticals and cosmoceuticals. Food Research International. Exotic Fruits: their Composition, Nutraceutical and Agroindustrial Potential. 2011-08-01, 44 (7): 1718–1727 [2021-03-05]. ISSN 0963-9969. doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2011.03.002. （原始內容存檔於2016-01-08）（英語）.
^ ^6.0 ^6.1 Stewart, W. D. P.; Pearson, M. C. Nodulation and nitrogen-fixation byHippophaë rhamnoides L. in the field. Plant and Soil. 1967-04-01, 26 (2): 348–360. ISSN 1573-5036. doi:10.1007/BF01880184 （英語）.
^ Gatner, E. M. S.; Gardner, I. C. Observations on the fine structure of the root nodule endophyte of Hippophaë rhamnoides L.. Archiv für Mikrobiologie. 1970-09-01, 70 (3): 183–196. ISSN 1432-072X. doi:10.1007/BF00407709 （英語）.
^ Rongsen, L.; International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development, Kathmandu (Nepal) eng 165171. Seabuckthorn: a multipurpose plant species for fragile mountains. 1992.
^ Montpetit, D.; Lalonde, M. In vitro propagation and subsequent nodulation of the actinorhizal Hippophae rhamnoides L.. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture. 1988, 15 (3): 189–199. ISSN 0167-6857. doi:10.1007/BF00033643 （英語）.

外部連結

[Foldesi-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Bernáth, J.; Földesi, D. Sea Buckthorn ( Hippophae rhamnoides L.):: A Promising New Medicinal and Food Crop. Journal of Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants. 1992-07-13, 1 (1-2): 27–35 [2021-03-05]. ISSN 1049-6475. doi:10.1300/J044v01n01_04. （原始內容存檔於2019-12-16）（英語）.

[Li-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Li, Thomas S.C.; Schroeder, W.R. Sea Buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.): A Multipurpose Plant. HortTechnology. 1996-10, 6 (4): 370–380. ISSN 1063-0198. doi:10.21273/HORTTECH.6.4.370.

[Synge-3] Synge, PM. Dictionary of gardening: A practical and scientific encyclopaedia of horticulture 2. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1974. ISBN 978-0198691068.

[Stobdan-4] Stobdan, Tsering; Chaurasia, Om Prakash; Korekar, Girish; Yadav, Ashish; Singh, Shashi. Attributes of Seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) to Meet Nutritional Requirements in High Altitude.. Defence Science Journal. 2010-03-29, 60 (2): 226–230. doi:10.14429/dsj.60.344. ^{[失效連結]}

[Bal-5] Bal, Lalit M.; Meda, Venkatesh; Naik, S. N.; Satya, Santosh. Sea buckthorn berries: A potential source of valuable nutrients for nutraceuticals and cosmoceuticals. Food Research International. Exotic Fruits: their Composition, Nutraceutical and Agroindustrial Potential. 2011-08-01, 44 (7): 1718–1727 [2021-03-05]. ISSN 0963-9969. doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2011.03.002. （原始內容存檔於2016-01-08）（英語）.

[Stewart-6] 6.0 ^6.1 Stewart, W. D. P.; Pearson, M. C. Nodulation and nitrogen-fixation byHippophaë rhamnoides L. in the field. Plant and Soil. 1967-04-01, 26 (2): 348–360. ISSN 1573-5036. doi:10.1007/BF01880184 （英語）.

[Gatner-7] Gatner, E. M. S.; Gardner, I. C. Observations on the fine structure of the root nodule endophyte of Hippophaë rhamnoides L.. Archiv für Mikrobiologie. 1970-09-01, 70 (3): 183–196. ISSN 1432-072X. doi:10.1007/BF00407709 （英語）.

[Lu-8] Rongsen, L.; International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development, Kathmandu (Nepal) eng 165171. Seabuckthorn: a multipurpose plant species for fragile mountains. 1992.

[Montpetit-9] Montpetit, D.; Lalonde, M. In vitro propagation and subsequent nodulation of the actinorhizal Hippophae rhamnoides L.. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture. 1988, 15 (3): 189–199. ISSN 0167-6857. doi:10.1007/BF00033643 （英語）.

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