运动控制 (生物体)
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运动控制（Motor control）是指具有神经系统的生物对其身体动作的控制。运动控制包括了反射[1]以及趋性。
为了要控制身体动作，神经系统需要来自整合多重感官的资讯（包括对外部世界的感觉以及本体感觉），产生必要的信号，使骨骼肌依信号动作。这个路径上包括了许多不同的学科，例如多感官整合、信号处理、运动协调、生物力学及认知[2][3]，有关在相关计算上的挑战会放在“感觉运动控制”（sensorimotor control）以下进行讨论[4]。成功的运动控制对于和外界互动，以达到生物想要目的非常有关，也和生物的姿势、平衡及动作稳定性有关。
有些研究者（大部分是研究生物运动的神经学家，例如Daniel Wolpert和Randy Flanagan）认为大脑的存在就是完全是为了运动控制[5]。
相关条目
参考资料
- ^ Sibson, Francis. On The Causes Which Excite And Influence Respiration In Health And Disease.. The Transactions of the Provincial Medical and Surgical Association. 1850,. 5 - New Series: 181–350.
In all these instances the act of inspiration is excited through the reflex function of the nervous system -- the sudden impression made on the skin stimulates the extremities of the incident nerves; the stimulus is conveyed by the incident nerves to the spinal nervous centre, and is thence transmitted back over the motor nerves of inspiration. That these respiratory movements are purely excito-motor, and performed without the intervention of sensation, in many of those instances in which the excited movements are most energetic, is proved by the case with which remarkable movements of respiration were occasioned by stimulating the surface in cases of syncope, hysteria, and epilepsy, cases in which sensation was altogether absent, and was only restored after repeatedly stimulating the surface, and so inducing deep reflex inspirations again and again by exciting the incident nerves. [Page 206]
- ^ Rosenbaum, David A. Human motor control. San Diego, CA: Academic Press. 1991: 411. ISBN 978-0-12-597300-7.
- ^ Wise, Stephen P.; Shadmehr, Reza. Motor Control. Encyclopedia of the Human Brain. Academic Press. July 10, 2002: 137–157. ISBN 978-0122272103.
- ^ Franklin, David W.; Wolpert, Daniel M. Computational Mechanisms of Sensorimotor Control. Neuron. November 2011, 72 (3): 425–442. PMID 22078503. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2011.10.006
（英语）.
- ^ Wolpert, Daniel, The real reason for brains, [2020-03-27], （原始内容存档于2022-07-12） （英语）
36. J.A. Adams. A closed loop theory of motor learning. In: Journal of Motor Behavior 3 (1971) p 111-150
37. George E. Stelmach (Ed.) Motor Control, Issues and Trends. Academic press. New York 1976
延伸阅读
- Schmidt, Richard A.; Lee, Timothy Donald. Motor control and learning : a behavioral emphasis. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. 2011. ISBN 978-0-7360-7961-7. OCLC 814261802.
- Shadmehr, Reza.; Wise, Steven P. The computational neurobiology of reaching and pointing : a foundation for motor learning. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press. 2005. ISBN 978-0-262-19508-9. OCLC 54529569.
- Iaroslav Blagouchine and Eric Moreau. Control of a Speech Robot via an Optimum Neural-Network-Based Internal Model With Constraints. IEEE Transactions on Robotics, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 142—159, February 2010. Archive.is的存档，存档日期2015-03-08