維基百科

二甲基二氯化錫

化合物

二甲基二氯化錫是一種有機錫化合物，化學式為(CH3)2SnCl2。這種金屬有機化合物形成正交晶系的晶體。[5]

二甲基二氯化錫
IUPAC名
dichlorodimethylstannane
英文名 Dimethyltin dichloride
別名 二氯化二甲基錫
識別
CAS號 753-73-1  checkY
SMILES
 
  • C[Sn](Cl)(C)Cl
性質
化學式 C2H6Cl2Sn
摩爾質量 219.66 g·mol⁻¹
外觀 無色晶體
密度 1.397 g·cm−3[1]
熔點 107 °C（380 K）[2]
沸點 185—190 °C（458—463 K）[3]
500 °C（773 K）（分解）[4]
溶解性（水） 82.3 g
若非註明，所有數據均出自標準狀態（25 ℃，100 kPa）下。

用途

二甲基二氯化錫可以在加工聚氯乙烯（PVC）時作爲熱穩定劑，用來抑制PVC在加工時的熱分解[6]。另外，二甲基二氯化錫也可以用來生產能夠選擇性反射熱輻射的隔熱玻璃[7]。

製備

二甲基二氯化錫可由液態錫和氯甲烷在NaAlCl4催化下分步反應製得。[8]該反應也可以由銅催化進行：[9]

Sn + CH3Cl → CH3SnCl
CH3SnCl + CH3Cl → (CH3)2SnCl2

三甲基氯化錫的氯化反應也能製得二甲基二氯化錫，但是為使反應平穩進行，需要對反應進行避光處理。[10]

性質

二甲基二氯化錫可溶於水，並在水中解離：[11]

(CH3)2SnCl2 + x H2O ⇌ (CH3)2Sn(H2O)x2+ + 2 Cl−
(CH3)2Sn(H2O)x2+ + H2O ⇌ (CH3)2Sn(H2O)x－1(OH)+ + H3O+

它可以和吡啶、1,10-菲囉啉等路易斯鹼或席夫鹼金屬配合物形成加合物。[11][12]

二甲基二氯化錫和氟化氫反應，得到混合鹵化物(CH3)2SnClF；它和三甲基碘矽烷反應，可以得到(CH3)2SnI2。[13]它和甲醇鈉的反應生成甲醇鹽(CH3)2Sn(OCH3)2。[14]

它與2-吡啶硒酚鈉及硼氫化鈉反應，經重結晶後可以得到無色的[(CH3)2Sn(2-SeC5H4N)2]正交晶體。[15]

參考文獻

  1. ^ "Metal-Organics Catalog" physical property data were obtained from Gelest, Inc. of Morrisville, Pennsylvania (US). Retrieved from SciFinder. [2019-07-24]
  2. ^ Arbuzov, B. A.; Pudovik, A. N. Organophosphorus-tin compounds. I. Synthesis of compounds R3SnPO3R'2. Zhurnal Obshchei Khimii, 1947. 17: 2158-2165. ISSN: 0044-460X.
  3. ^ Manulkin, Z. M. Cleavage of radicals in metallo-organic compounds of group IV. V. Cleavage of radicals by action of hydrogen chloride and mercury sublimate on compounds of type R4M, where M is tin, lead, or silicon. Zhurnal Obshchei Khimii, 1946. 16: 235-242. ISSN: 0044-460X.
  4. ^ van Mol, A. M.B.; de Croon, M. H.J.M.; Spee, C. I.M.A.; Schouten, J. C. Kinetic mechanism of the decomposition of dimethyltin dichloride. Le Journal de Physique IV. 1999, 09 (PR8): Pr8–165–Pr8–172. ISSN 1155-4339. doi:10.1051/jp4:1999820. 
  5. ^ Davies, Alwyn G.; Milledge, H. Judith; Puxley, David C.; Smith, Peter J. Crystal structure and Mössbauer spectrum of dimethyltin dichloride. J. Chem. Soc. A. 1970, 0 (0): 2862–2866. ISSN 0022-4944. doi:10.1039/J19700002862. 
  6. ^ ECHA: CLH - Report Proposal for Harmonised Classification and Labelling Based on Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP Regulation) - Substance Name: dimethyltin dichloride, DMTC （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）, abgerufen am 18. April 2015.
  7. ^ Umweltbundesamt: D. Klingmüller, B. Watermann mit Unterstützung des Umweltbundesamtes: TBT – Zinnorganische Verbindungen – Eine wissenschaftliche Bestandsaufnahme （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）, ISSN 0722-186X, abgerufen am 18. April 2015.
  8. ^ v. Rumohr, A.; Sundermeyer, W.; Towae, W. Chemische Reaktionen in Salzschmelzen. XIX. Zur Direktsynthese des Dimethylzinndichlorids, (CH3)2SnCl2. Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie. 1983, 499 (4): 75–80. ISSN 0044-2313. doi:10.1002/zaac.19834990409. 
  9. ^ Smith, A. C.; Rochow, Eugene G. Direct Synthesis of Organotin Halides. I. Preparation of Dimethyltin Dichloride1. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 1953, 75 (16): 4103–4105. ISSN 0002-7863. doi:10.1021/ja01112a529. 
  10. ^ Kraus, Charles A.; Greer, Willard N. The Dimethyltin Group and Some of Its Reactions. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 1925, 47 (10): 2568–2575. ISSN 0002-7863. doi:10.1021/ja01687a022. 
  11. ^ 11.0 11.1 Beattie, I. R.; McQuillan, G. P. 286. Addition compounds of organotin halides with Lewis bases. Journal of the Chemical Society (Resumed). 1963: 1519. ISSN 0368-1769. doi:10.1039/jr9630001519. 
  12. ^ Asadi, Mozaffar; Jamshid, Khosrow Aein; Kyanfar, Ali Hossein. Thermodynamic Studies of the Interaction of Nickel(II) Schiff Base Complexes with Diorganotin (IV) Dichlorides in Non-Aqueous Solvents. Synthesis and Reactivity in Inorganic, Metal-Organic, and Nano-Metal Chemistry. 2007, 37 (2): 77–83. ISSN 1553-3174. doi:10.1080/15533170601187391. 
  13. ^ Armitage, D. A.; Tarassoli, A. Synthesis of organotin mixed dihalides. Inorganic Chemistry. 2002, 14 (5): 1210–1211. ISSN 0020-1669. doi:10.1021/ic50147a050. 
  14. ^ Amberger, Eberhard; Kula, Maria Regina. Methoxides of tin. Chemische Berichte, 1963. 96 (10): 2562-2565. ISSN: 0009-2940.
  15. ^ Sharma, Rakesh K.; Kedarnath, G.; Wadawale, Amey; Betty, C. A.; Vishwanadh, B.; Jain, Vimal K. Diorganotin(iv) 2-pyridyl selenolates: synthesis, structures and their utility as molecular precursors for the preparation of tin selenide nanocrystals and thin films. Dalton Transactions. 2012, 41 (39): 12129. ISSN 1477-9226. doi:10.1039/c2dt31197f. 

拓展閱讀

  1. Nafisi, Shohreh; Sobhanmanesh, Amir; Esm-Hosseini, Majid; Alimoghaddam, Kamran; Tajmir-Riahi, Heidar Ali. Interaction of antitumor drug Sn(CH3)2Cl2 with DNA and RNA. Journal of Molecular Structure. 2005, 750 (1-3): 22–27. ISSN 0022-2860. doi:10.1016/j.molstruc.2005.04.008. 
  2. Gharib, Farrokh; Amini, Mostafa Mohammadpour; Haghgou, Afshin. Hydrolysis of Dimethyltin(IV)Dichloride in Different Ionic Media. Main Group Metal Chemistry. 2003, 26 (6): 381–390. ISSN 2191-0219. doi:10.1515/MGMC.2003.26.6.381. 

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