BAT99-116

**BAT99-116**
	; BAT99-116; Credit: 哈勃空間望遠鏡上的廣域和行星照相機
觀測資料; 曆元 J2000.0
星座	劍魚座
星官
赤經	5h 38m 44.26s
赤緯	−69° 06′ 05.88″
視星等（V）	13.09
特性
演化階段	沃爾夫-拉葉星
光譜分類	WN5h:a
B−V 色指數	+0.25
天體測定
距離	163,000 ly ; (49,970 pc)
絕對星等 (MV)	-7.9
詳細資料
質量	179 M☉
半徑	20 R☉
亮度	7,079,000 L☉
溫度	53,000 K
年齡	~1.7 Myr
其他命名
	BAT99 116, [HSH95] 8, Melnick 34, 2MASS J05384424-6906058, Brey 84
參考資料庫
SIMBAD	資料

BAT99-116(也被稱為Melnick 34或Mk34)是一顆擁有極高質量和光度的沃爾夫-拉葉星，它位於大麥哲倫星系的劍魚座30複合體(也被稱為蜘蛛星雲：NGC 2070)內靠近超星團R136的位置。

雙星

NGC 2070區域，MK 34是在R136左側一顆獨自的亮星

由於BAT99-116出現只有星風互撞雙星才會出現的大量X射線輻射以及光度周期性的變化，BAT99-116被普遍認為是周期為155天的雙星系統。^[7]

物理特性

NGC 2070內的R136星團，Mk 34位於星團的左側

BAT99-116是一顆表面溫度超過50,000K的沃爾夫-拉葉星。^[2]^[1]據推測，BAT-116在誕生之初約有275 M_☉，^[5]此類恆星將會產生極強的恆星風，在其誕生以來BAT99-116已經損失了幾十倍太陽質量。^[4]由於BAT99-116處於雙星系統內，其本身更的溫度、光度以及質量都是難以確定的。^[2]

演化

儘管由於內部的對流融合使得BAT99-116的表面出現了氦和氮的發射譜線，但目前仍普遍認為BAT99-116還處於氫燃燒階段。據推斷，BAT99-116將很快成為氫耗盡的沃爾夫-拉葉星，屆時它將成為一顆藍特超巨星或高光度藍變星。再之後BAT99-116將不斷的脫去其外殼，成為一顆光譜為WO型、表面溫度接近200,000K的沃爾夫-拉葉星，最終BAT99-116將會發生Ic型的超新星爆發而成為黑洞。^[8]

參考

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 ^1.6 Doran, E. I.; Crowther, P. A.; de Koter, A.; Evans, C. J.; McEvoy, C.; Walborn, N. R.; Bastian, N.; Bestenlehner, J. M.; Grafener, G.; Herrero, A.; Kohler, K.; Maiz Apellaniz, J.; Najarro, F.; Puls, J.; Sana, H.; Schneider, F. R. N.; Taylor, W. D.; van Loon, J. Th.; Vink, J. S. The VLT-FLAMES Tarantula Survey - XI. A census of the hot luminous stars and their feedback in 30 Doradus. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2013, 558: 134. Bibcode:2013A&A...558A.134D. arXiv:1308.3412  . doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201321824.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Hainich, R.; Rühling, U.; Todt, H.; Oskinova, L. M.; Liermann, A.; Gräfener, G.; Foellmi, C.; Schnurr, O.; Hamann, W. -R. The Wolf-Rayet stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2014, 565: A27. Bibcode:2014A&A...565A..27H. arXiv:1401.5474  . doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201322696.
^ Pietrzyński, G; D. Graczyk; W. Gieren; I. B. Thompson; B. Pilecki; A. Udalski; I. Soszyński; et al. An eclipsing-binary distance to the Large Magellanic Cloud accurate to two per cent. Nature. 7 March 2013, 495 (7439): 76–79. Bibcode:2013Natur.495...76P. PMID 23467166. arXiv:1303.2063  . doi:10.1038/nature11878.
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 Portegies Zwart, Simon F.; Pooley, David; Lewin, Walter H. G. A Dozen Colliding-Wind X-Ray Binaries in the Star Cluster R136 in the 30 Doradus Region. The Astrophysical Journal. 2002, 574 (2): 762. Bibcode:2002ApJ...574..762P. arXiv:astro-ph/0106109  . doi:10.1086/340996.
^ ^5.0 ^5.1 Crowther, Paul A.; Caballero-Nieves, S. M.; Bostroem, K. A.; Maíz Apellániz, J.; Schneider, F. R. N.; Walborn, N. R.; Angus, C. R.; Brott, I.; Bonanos, A.; De Koter, A.; De Mink, S. E.; Evans, C. J.; Gräfener, G.; Herrero, A.; Howarth, I. D.; Langer, N.; Lennon, D. J.; Puls, J.; Sana, H.; Vink, J. S. The R136 star cluster dissected with Hubble Space Telescope/STIS. I. Far-ultraviolet spectroscopic census and the origin of He II λ1640 in young star clusters. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2016, 458: 624. Bibcode:2016MNRAS.458..624C. arXiv:1603.04994  . doi:10.1093/mnras/stw273.
^ Crowther, P. A.; Schnurr, O.; Hirschi, R.; Yusof, N.; Parker, R. J.; Goodwin, S. P.; Kassim, H. A. The R136 star cluster hosts several stars whose individual masses greatly exceed the accepted 150 M_⊙ stellar mass limit. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2010, 408 (2): 731. Bibcode:2010MNRAS.408..731C. arXiv:1007.3284  . doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17167.x.
^ Pollock, A. M. T; Crowther, P. A; Tehrani, K; Broos, Patrick S; Townsley, Leisa K. The 155-day X-ray cycle of the very massive Wolf-Rayet star Melnick 34 in the Large Magellanic Cloud. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2017. Bibcode:2018MNRAS.474.3228P. doi:10.1093/mnras/stx2879.
^ Groh, J. H.; Meynet, G.; Georgy, C.; Ekström, S. Fundamental properties of core-collapse supernova and GRB progenitors: Predicting the look of massive stars before death. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2013, 558: A131. Bibcode:2013A&A...558A.131G. arXiv:1308.4681  . doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201321906.

外部連結

ESA/Hubble image（頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）

[census-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 ^1.6 Doran, E. I.; Crowther, P. A.; de Koter, A.; Evans, C. J.; McEvoy, C.; Walborn, N. R.; Bastian, N.; Bestenlehner, J. M.; Grafener, G.; Herrero, A.; Kohler, K.; Maiz Apellaniz, J.; Najarro, F.; Puls, J.; Sana, H.; Schneider, F. R. N.; Taylor, W. D.; van Loon, J. Th.; Vink, J. S. The VLT-FLAMES Tarantula Survey - XI. A census of the hot luminous stars and their feedback in 30 Doradus. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2013, 558: 134. Bibcode:2013A&A...558A.134D. arXiv:1308.3412  . doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201321824.

[hainich-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Hainich, R.; Rühling, U.; Todt, H.; Oskinova, L. M.; Liermann, A.; Gräfener, G.; Foellmi, C.; Schnurr, O.; Hamann, W. -R. The Wolf-Rayet stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2014, 565: A27. Bibcode:2014A&A...565A..27H. arXiv:1401.5474  . doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201322696.

[Nature-3] Pietrzyński, G; D. Graczyk; W. Gieren; I. B. Thompson; B. Pilecki; A. Udalski; I. Soszyński; et al. An eclipsing-binary distance to the Large Magellanic Cloud accurate to two per cent. Nature. 7 March 2013, 495 (7439): 76–79. Bibcode:2013Natur.495...76P. PMID 23467166. arXiv:1303.2063  . doi:10.1038/nature11878.

[colliding-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Portegies Zwart, Simon F.; Pooley, David; Lewin, Walter H. G. A Dozen Colliding-Wind X-Ray Binaries in the Star Cluster R136 in the 30 Doradus Region. The Astrophysical Journal. 2002, 574 (2): 762. Bibcode:2002ApJ...574..762P. arXiv:astro-ph/0106109  . doi:10.1086/340996.

[crowther2016-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Crowther, Paul A.; Caballero-Nieves, S. M.; Bostroem, K. A.; Maíz Apellániz, J.; Schneider, F. R. N.; Walborn, N. R.; Angus, C. R.; Brott, I.; Bonanos, A.; De Koter, A.; De Mink, S. E.; Evans, C. J.; Gräfener, G.; Herrero, A.; Howarth, I. D.; Langer, N.; Lennon, D. J.; Puls, J.; Sana, H.; Vink, J. S. The R136 star cluster dissected with Hubble Space Telescope/STIS. I. Far-ultraviolet spectroscopic census and the origin of He II λ1640 in young star clusters. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2016, 458: 624. Bibcode:2016MNRAS.458..624C. arXiv:1603.04994  . doi:10.1093/mnras/stw273.

[crowther-6] Crowther, P. A.; Schnurr, O.; Hirschi, R.; Yusof, N.; Parker, R. J.; Goodwin, S. P.; Kassim, H. A. The R136 star cluster hosts several stars whose individual masses greatly exceed the accepted 150 M_⊙ stellar mass limit. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2010, 408 (2): 731. Bibcode:2010MNRAS.408..731C. arXiv:1007.3284  . doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17167.x.

[pollock-7] Pollock, A. M. T; Crowther, P. A; Tehrani, K; Broos, Patrick S; Townsley, Leisa K. The 155-day X-ray cycle of the very massive Wolf-Rayet star Melnick 34 in the Large Magellanic Cloud. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2017. Bibcode:2018MNRAS.474.3228P. doi:10.1093/mnras/stx2879.

[groh-8] Groh, J. H.; Meynet, G.; Georgy, C.; Ekström, S. Fundamental properties of core-collapse supernova and GRB progenitors: Predicting the look of massive stars before death. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2013, 558: A131. Bibcode:2013A&A...558A.131G. arXiv:1308.4681  . doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201321906.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

觀測資料曆元 J2000.0
BAT99-116 Credit: 哈勃空間望遠鏡上的廣域和行星照相機
星座	劍魚座
星官
赤經	5^h 38^m 44.26^s^[1]
赤緯	−69° 06′ 05.88″^[1]
視星等（V）	13.09^[1]
特性
演化階段	沃爾夫-拉葉星
光譜分類	WN5h:a^[2]
B−V 色指數	+0.25^[1]
天體測定

距離	163,000 ly (49,970^[3] pc)
絕對星等 (M_V)	-7.9^[1]

詳細資料

質量	179^[4] M_☉
半徑	20^[2] R_☉
亮度	7,079,000^[5] L_☉
溫度	53,000^[1] K
年齡	~1.7^[6] Myr

其他命名
BAT99 116, [HSH95] 8, Melnick 34, 2MASS J05384424-6906058, Brey 84
參考資料庫
SIMBAD	資料