BAT99-116

**BAT99-116**
	; BAT99-116; Credit: 哈勃空间望远镜上的广域和行星照相机
观测资料; 历元 J2000.0
星座	剑鱼座
星官
赤经	5h 38m 44.26s
赤纬	−69° 06′ 05.88″
视星等（V）	13.09
特性
演化阶段	沃尔夫-拉叶星
光谱分类	WN5h:a
B−V 色指数	+0.25
天体测定
距离	163,000 ly ; (49,970 pc)
绝对星等 (MV)	-7.9
详细资料
质量	179 M☉
半径	20 R☉
亮度	7,079,000 L☉
温度	53,000 K
年龄	~1.7 Myr
其他命名
	BAT99 116, [HSH95] 8, Melnick 34, 2MASS J05384424-6906058, Brey 84
参考数据库
SIMBAD	资料

BAT99-116(也被称为Melnick 34或Mk34)是一颗拥有极高质量和光度的沃尔夫-拉叶星，它位于大麦哲伦星系的剑鱼座30复合体(也被称为蜘蛛星云：NGC 2070)内靠近超星团R136的位置。

双星

NGC 2070区域，MK 34是在R136左侧一颗独自的亮星

由于BAT99-116出现只有星风互撞双星才会出现的大量X射线辐射以及光度周期性的变化，BAT99-116被普遍认为是周期为155天的双星系统。^[7]

物理特性

NGC 2070内的R136星团，Mk 34位于星团的左侧

BAT99-116是一颗表面温度超过50,000K的沃尔夫-拉叶星。^[2]^[1]据推测，BAT-116在诞生之初约有275 M_☉，^[5]此类恒星将会产生极强的恒星风，在其诞生以来BAT99-116已经损失了几十倍太阳质量。^[4]由于BAT99-116处于双星系统内，其本身更的温度、光度以及质量都是难以确定的。^[2]

演化

尽管由于内部的对流融合使得BAT99-116的表面出现了氦和氮的发射谱线，但目前仍普遍认为BAT99-116还处于氢燃烧阶段。据推断，BAT99-116将很快成为氢耗尽的沃尔夫-拉叶星，届时它将成为一颗蓝特超巨星或高光度蓝变星。再之后BAT99-116将不断的脱去其外壳，成为一颗光谱为WO型、表面温度接近200,000K的沃尔夫-拉叶星，最终BAT99-116将会发生Ic型的超新星爆发而成为黑洞。^[8]

参考

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 ^1.6 Doran, E. I.; Crowther, P. A.; de Koter, A.; Evans, C. J.; McEvoy, C.; Walborn, N. R.; Bastian, N.; Bestenlehner, J. M.; Grafener, G.; Herrero, A.; Kohler, K.; Maiz Apellaniz, J.; Najarro, F.; Puls, J.; Sana, H.; Schneider, F. R. N.; Taylor, W. D.; van Loon, J. Th.; Vink, J. S. The VLT-FLAMES Tarantula Survey - XI. A census of the hot luminous stars and their feedback in 30 Doradus. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2013, 558: 134. Bibcode:2013A&A...558A.134D. arXiv:1308.3412  . doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201321824.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Hainich, R.; Rühling, U.; Todt, H.; Oskinova, L. M.; Liermann, A.; Gräfener, G.; Foellmi, C.; Schnurr, O.; Hamann, W. -R. The Wolf-Rayet stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2014, 565: A27. Bibcode:2014A&A...565A..27H. arXiv:1401.5474  . doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201322696.
^ Pietrzyński, G; D. Graczyk; W. Gieren; I. B. Thompson; B. Pilecki; A. Udalski; I. Soszyński; et al. An eclipsing-binary distance to the Large Magellanic Cloud accurate to two per cent. Nature. 7 March 2013, 495 (7439): 76–79. Bibcode:2013Natur.495...76P. PMID 23467166. arXiv:1303.2063  . doi:10.1038/nature11878.
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 Portegies Zwart, Simon F.; Pooley, David; Lewin, Walter H. G. A Dozen Colliding-Wind X-Ray Binaries in the Star Cluster R136 in the 30 Doradus Region. The Astrophysical Journal. 2002, 574 (2): 762. Bibcode:2002ApJ...574..762P. arXiv:astro-ph/0106109  . doi:10.1086/340996.
^ ^5.0 ^5.1 Crowther, Paul A.; Caballero-Nieves, S. M.; Bostroem, K. A.; Maíz Apellániz, J.; Schneider, F. R. N.; Walborn, N. R.; Angus, C. R.; Brott, I.; Bonanos, A.; De Koter, A.; De Mink, S. E.; Evans, C. J.; Gräfener, G.; Herrero, A.; Howarth, I. D.; Langer, N.; Lennon, D. J.; Puls, J.; Sana, H.; Vink, J. S. The R136 star cluster dissected with Hubble Space Telescope/STIS. I. Far-ultraviolet spectroscopic census and the origin of He II λ1640 in young star clusters. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2016, 458: 624. Bibcode:2016MNRAS.458..624C. arXiv:1603.04994  . doi:10.1093/mnras/stw273.
^ Crowther, P. A.; Schnurr, O.; Hirschi, R.; Yusof, N.; Parker, R. J.; Goodwin, S. P.; Kassim, H. A. The R136 star cluster hosts several stars whose individual masses greatly exceed the accepted 150 M_⊙ stellar mass limit. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2010, 408 (2): 731. Bibcode:2010MNRAS.408..731C. arXiv:1007.3284  . doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17167.x.
^ Pollock, A. M. T; Crowther, P. A; Tehrani, K; Broos, Patrick S; Townsley, Leisa K. The 155-day X-ray cycle of the very massive Wolf-Rayet star Melnick 34 in the Large Magellanic Cloud. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2017. Bibcode:2018MNRAS.474.3228P. doi:10.1093/mnras/stx2879.
^ Groh, J. H.; Meynet, G.; Georgy, C.; Ekström, S. Fundamental properties of core-collapse supernova and GRB progenitors: Predicting the look of massive stars before death. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2013, 558: A131. Bibcode:2013A&A...558A.131G. arXiv:1308.4681  . doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201321906.

外部链接

ESA/Hubble image（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

[census-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 ^1.6 Doran, E. I.; Crowther, P. A.; de Koter, A.; Evans, C. J.; McEvoy, C.; Walborn, N. R.; Bastian, N.; Bestenlehner, J. M.; Grafener, G.; Herrero, A.; Kohler, K.; Maiz Apellaniz, J.; Najarro, F.; Puls, J.; Sana, H.; Schneider, F. R. N.; Taylor, W. D.; van Loon, J. Th.; Vink, J. S. The VLT-FLAMES Tarantula Survey - XI. A census of the hot luminous stars and their feedback in 30 Doradus. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2013, 558: 134. Bibcode:2013A&A...558A.134D. arXiv:1308.3412  . doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201321824.

[hainich-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Hainich, R.; Rühling, U.; Todt, H.; Oskinova, L. M.; Liermann, A.; Gräfener, G.; Foellmi, C.; Schnurr, O.; Hamann, W. -R. The Wolf-Rayet stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2014, 565: A27. Bibcode:2014A&A...565A..27H. arXiv:1401.5474  . doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201322696.

[Nature-3] Pietrzyński, G; D. Graczyk; W. Gieren; I. B. Thompson; B. Pilecki; A. Udalski; I. Soszyński; et al. An eclipsing-binary distance to the Large Magellanic Cloud accurate to two per cent. Nature. 7 March 2013, 495 (7439): 76–79. Bibcode:2013Natur.495...76P. PMID 23467166. arXiv:1303.2063  . doi:10.1038/nature11878.

[colliding-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Portegies Zwart, Simon F.; Pooley, David; Lewin, Walter H. G. A Dozen Colliding-Wind X-Ray Binaries in the Star Cluster R136 in the 30 Doradus Region. The Astrophysical Journal. 2002, 574 (2): 762. Bibcode:2002ApJ...574..762P. arXiv:astro-ph/0106109  . doi:10.1086/340996.

[crowther2016-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Crowther, Paul A.; Caballero-Nieves, S. M.; Bostroem, K. A.; Maíz Apellániz, J.; Schneider, F. R. N.; Walborn, N. R.; Angus, C. R.; Brott, I.; Bonanos, A.; De Koter, A.; De Mink, S. E.; Evans, C. J.; Gräfener, G.; Herrero, A.; Howarth, I. D.; Langer, N.; Lennon, D. J.; Puls, J.; Sana, H.; Vink, J. S. The R136 star cluster dissected with Hubble Space Telescope/STIS. I. Far-ultraviolet spectroscopic census and the origin of He II λ1640 in young star clusters. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2016, 458: 624. Bibcode:2016MNRAS.458..624C. arXiv:1603.04994  . doi:10.1093/mnras/stw273.

[crowther-6] Crowther, P. A.; Schnurr, O.; Hirschi, R.; Yusof, N.; Parker, R. J.; Goodwin, S. P.; Kassim, H. A. The R136 star cluster hosts several stars whose individual masses greatly exceed the accepted 150 M_⊙ stellar mass limit. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2010, 408 (2): 731. Bibcode:2010MNRAS.408..731C. arXiv:1007.3284  . doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17167.x.

[pollock-7] Pollock, A. M. T; Crowther, P. A; Tehrani, K; Broos, Patrick S; Townsley, Leisa K. The 155-day X-ray cycle of the very massive Wolf-Rayet star Melnick 34 in the Large Magellanic Cloud. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2017. Bibcode:2018MNRAS.474.3228P. doi:10.1093/mnras/stx2879.

[groh-8] Groh, J. H.; Meynet, G.; Georgy, C.; Ekström, S. Fundamental properties of core-collapse supernova and GRB progenitors: Predicting the look of massive stars before death. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2013, 558: A131. Bibcode:2013A&A...558A.131G. arXiv:1308.4681  . doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201321906.

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观测资料历元 J2000.0
BAT99-116 Credit: 哈勃空间望远镜上的广域和行星照相机
星座	剑鱼座
星官
赤经	5^h 38^m 44.26^s^[1]
赤纬	−69° 06′ 05.88″^[1]
视星等（V）	13.09^[1]
特性
演化阶段	沃尔夫-拉叶星
光谱分类	WN5h:a^[2]
B−V 色指数	+0.25^[1]
天体测定

距离	163,000 ly (49,970^[3] pc)
绝对星等 (M_V)	-7.9^[1]

详细资料

质量	179^[4] M_☉
半径	20^[2] R_☉
亮度	7,079,000^[5] L_☉
温度	53,000^[1] K
年龄	~1.7^[6] Myr

其他命名
BAT99 116, [HSH95] 8, Melnick 34, 2MASS J05384424-6906058, Brey 84
参考数据库
SIMBAD	资料