瓜笄霉学名Choanephora cucurbitarum)是一种植物病原真菌,属于毛霉目英语Mucorales,可引起各种葫芦的果实和花朵腐烂。它也可能会影响秋葵敏豆豇豆,且可能导致睡茄腐败。2017年,Das等人在对印度的茄子凹萼木鳖扁豆豌豆进行研究后,增加了更多关于瓜笄霉的病理指标。瓜笄霉好发于高温高湿的环境,并且会在土壤中盘据。瓜笄霉主要的病征是会感染果实及叶子,其中包含水浸状的病征或坏疽型病斑,且发展快速。当真菌开始产生孢子时,受影响的植株组织会因孢子囊遍布而呈灰褐色及毛茸状。

瓜笄霉
瓜笄霉感染南瓜的花
科学分类 编辑
界: 真菌界 Fungi
门: 毛霉门 Mucoromycota
纲: 毛霉纲 Mucoromycetes
目: 毛霉目 Mucorales
科: 笄霉科 Choanephoraceae
属: 笄霉属 Choanephora
种:
瓜笄霉 C. cucurbitarum
二名法
Choanephora cucurbitarum
(Berk. & Ravenel) Thaxt., (1903)
异名

Choanephora americana A. Møller, (1901)
Choanephora heterospora B.S. Mehrotra & M.D. Mehrotra, (1962) [1961]
Choanephora infundibulifera f. cucurbitarum (Berk. & Ravenel) Schipper
Choanephora mandshurica (Saito & H. Nagan.) F.L. Tai, (1934)
Choanephora simsonii D.D. Cunn. [as 'simsoni'], (1895)
Choanephorella cucurbitarum (Berk. & Ravenel) Vuill., (1904)
Cunninghamella mandshurica Saito & H. Nagan., (1915)
Mucor cucurbitarum Berk. & Ravenel, (1875)
Mucor curtus Berk. & M.A. Curtis, (1875)
Rhopalomyces cucurbitarum Berk. & Ravenel, (1875)
Rhopalomyces elegans var. cucurbitarum (Berk. & Ravenel) Marchal, (1893)

性状描述

瓜笄霉带有小孢子囊(sporangiola)的孢子囊柄直立、透明且无分枝,顶端膨大长出棒状囊泡,从囊泡中产生二分枝状,亦呈棍棒状的二级囊泡。小型孢子囊为不开裂的,呈椭球状,颜色为棕色至深棕色,具有明显的纵向条纹,尺寸为12-20μm x 6-12μm。孢子囊呈球状,含有多枚孢子,最初的颜色为白色至黄色,成熟时呈浅棕色至深棕色,尺寸为40-160μm。来自孢子囊的孢子囊柄呈椭圆形至宽椭圆形,颜色为棕色至深棕色,具有细小透明极性附属物的不透明条纹,尺寸为16-20 µm x 8-12 µm。[1]

参考文献

  1. ^ A. Saroj, A. Kumar, N. Qamar, M. Alam, H.N. Singh and A. Khaliq. First report of wet rot of Withania somnifera caused by Choanephora cucurbitarum in India 96 (2). Plant Disease. 2012. doi:10.1094/PDIS-09-11-0801. 
  • P. M. Kirk. Mycol. Pap. 152:1, 1984.
  • S. Das, S.Dutta, B.Mondal. 2017 First report of Choanephora cucurbitarum, causing leaf blight of hyacinthbean [Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet], in India. Journal of Plant Pathology 99 (2), 533-543 {{DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4454/jpp.v99i2.3899}}
  • S. Das, S.Dutta, A. Chattopadhyay, and B.Mondal. 2017 First report of Choanephora infundibulifera causing blossom blight of teasle gourd in India. Indian Phytopathology 70(2):265-267 {{DOI: 10.24838/ip.2017.v70.i2.70780}}
  • S. Das, S.Dutta and B.Mondal. 2017 First report on blossom and leaf blight of aubergine (Solanum melongena L.) caused by Choanephora infundibulifera (Currey) Sacc., in India. Journal of Mycology and Plant Pathology Vol 47(1):69-73.
  • S. Das, S.Dutta, S.P. Kuiry, and B.Mondal. 2017 First report of twig blight disease of green pea (Pisum sativum) caused by Choanephora infundibulifera in India. Indian Phytopathology Vol 70(3):400-402 {{DOI: 10.24838/ip.2017.v70.i3.72503}}

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