盖螺科
此条目目前正依照其他维基百科上的内容进行翻译。 (2018年6月12日) |
盖螺科(学名:Pomatiopsidae)[3],又名圆口螺科[4]、盖口螺科[5]或截尾钉螺科[6],是一个科级分类单元,其物种皆为小型、主要为淡水螺(也有栖息于其他环境的物种)的有鳃和螺厣的淡水生腹足纲软体动物。根据2005年《布歇特和洛克罗伊的腹足类分类)》,本科属于截螺总科之下[7]。
盖螺科 | |
---|---|
湖北钉螺的一只活体 | |
科学分类 | |
界: | 动物界 Animalia |
门: | 软体动物门 Mollusca |
纲: | 腹足纲 Gastropoda |
目: | 玉黍螺目 Littorinimorpha |
总科: | 麂眼螺总科 Rissooidea |
科: | 盖螺科 Pomatiopsidae Stimpson, 1865[1] |
多样性[2] | |
约170个淡水物种 |
型态描述
美国的贝类学家威廉·斯廷普森首次在1865年为这个分类单元定义为“盖螺亚科”(Pomatiopsinae)[1]。 当时斯廷普森的分析如下[1]:
“ |
Pomatiopsinae, with the shell and operculum as in the Rissoinae. Foot with lateral sinuses. Size small. Amphibious. Genus Pomatiopsis, Tryon. |
” |
“ |
盖螺亚科,螺壳及螺厣与麂眼螺亚科物种相同。腹足有横向侧窦。体小。水陆两栖。 下领一属 盖螺属(Pomatiopsis Tryon)。 |
” |
分类
亚科
根据2005年《布歇特和洛克罗伊的腹足类分类》,本科包括两个亚科[7],与Davis (1979)[9]提的分类相同,即如下:
- 盖螺亚科 Pomatiopsinae Stimpson, 1865:又名圆口螺亚科[4],异名有Hemibiinae Heude, 1890; Tomichiinae Wenz, 1938[10]; Coxiellidae Iredale, 1943;[11] 钉螺科 Oncomelaniidae Salisbury & Edwards, 1961; Cecininae Starobogatov, 1983
- 拟钉螺亚科 Triculinae Annandale N., 1924[12]
- 拟钉螺族 Triculuni Annandale, 1924 - synonym: Delavayidae Annandale, 1924[13]
- 诸氏螺族 Jullieniini Davis, 1979[9]
- tribe Lacunopsini Davis, 1979[9]
- tribe Pachydrobiini Davis & Kang, 1990:1990年从旧定义(sensu Davis 1979[9])的拟钉螺族分出来[14]
Family-group name Rehderiellinae Brandt, 1974[15] is also in Pomatiopsidae, but it is not allocated in detail.[7]。这组分类单元在2017年《布歇特等人的腹足类分类》被划归截螺总科的金环螺科(Iravadiidae Thiele, 1928)[16][17]。
属
本科之下所包括的属如下:
- 盖螺亚科(Pomatiopsinae)
- Blanfordia Adams, 1863[8]
- Cecina A. Adams, 1861[7][18]
- Coxiella E. A. Smith, 1894[7]
- Fukuia Abbott & Hunter, 1949[8]
- Hemibia Heude, 1890[7] (species type: Oncomelania hupensis Gredler, 1881
- Idiopyrgus Pilsbry, 1911[8][19] = Aquidauania Davis, 1979[9]
- 钉螺属 Oncomelania Gredler, 1881[7]
- 盖螺属 Pomatiopsis Tryon, 1862:本科的模式属[7]。
- Tomichia Benson, 1851[7][20]
- 拟钉螺亚科 Triculinae:下领超过20个属,可分为下列多个族[8]:
- 拟钉螺族 Triculuni
- 诸氏螺族 Jullieniini
- Hubendickia Brandt, 1968[9]
- Hydrorissoia Bavay, 1895[9]
- 诸氏螺属 Jullienia Crosse & P. Fischer, 1876:本族的模式属[7]
- Karelainia Davis, 1979[9]
- 昆明螺属 Kunmingia Davis & Kuo in Davis, 1981[22][23]
- Neoprososthenia Davis & Kuo in Davis, Kuo, Hoagland, Chen, Yang & Chen, 1984[22][23]
- Pachydrobiella Thiele, 1928[9] - with the only species Pachydrobiella brevis (Bavay, 1895)[9]
- † Paraprososthenia Annandale, 1919[9]
- Saduniella Brandt, 1970[9] - with the only species Saduniella planispira Brandt, 1970[9]
- tribe Lacunopsini
- Lacunopsis Deshayes, 1876 - 为Lacunopsini族的模式属[7]
- tribe Pachydrobiini
- Gammatricula Davis & Liu in Davis, Liu & Chen, 1990[25]
- Halewisia Davis, 1979[14] - with the only species Halewisia expansa (Brandt, 1970)[9]
- 景洪螺属 Jinghongia Davis in Davis & Kang, 1990[14]
- 新拟钉螺属 Neotricula Davis in Davis, Subba Rao & Hoagland, 1986[14]
- Pachydrobia Crosse & P. Fischer, 1876[14] - Pachydrobiini族的模式属[7]
- 小罗伯特螺属 Robertsiella Davis & Greer, 1980[14]
- 伍氏螺属 Wuconchona Kang, 1983[26]:501[14]
- 亚科地位未定
- Spiripockia Simone, 2012 (亚科未定)[27]
分布
本科物种有世界性的分布[8]。 然而,在生物多样性方面,本科物种在日本列岛的多样性特别高,八个物种里有四个物种有分布,当中更有两个物种是当地原生种[8]。 拟钉螺亚科物种在东南亚以淡水螺的形式辐射分布[8]。
生态
盖螺科物种的栖息地呈多样性:有淡水生的、两栖的、沿海的、嗜盐的、穴居的、甚至陆生的[8][27]也有。不过陆生类群仅在位于东亚日本列岛的Blanfordia属物种[8]。Tomichia属和Coxiella属包括多个在咸水湖栖息的嗜盐物种[8]。
盖螺科以一到两条不同的演化路径从海路进侵淡水栖息地[2];另外还有以两条不同的演化路径进侵陆地栖息[8]。下表综合本科各属的栖息环境:
属学名 | 中文名 | 物种数 | 栖息地 |
---|---|---|---|
Blanfordia | 3[8] | 陆地[8] | |
Cecina (gastropod) | 8[29] | 沿岸海边[29] | |
Coxiella | 10[9](其中有一种已灭绝)[9] | 咸水湖[30] | |
Fukuia | 3[8] | 陆地和淡水,也有两栖,often arboreal[8] | |
"Fukuia" ooyagii: 属地位未定[8] |
1 | 淡水[8] | |
Hemibia | ?? | ?? | ?? |
Idiopyrgus | 1-3 species[8][19] | 淡水[19] | |
Oncomelania | 钉螺属 | 2[8] | freshwater, marshy ground, seasonally amphibious[8] |
Pomatiopsis | 4[9] | marshy ground, amphibious[8] | |
Tomichia | 11[8] | freshwater, brackish,[20] saline lakes[8] | |
Delavaya | ? | ? | ? |
Fenouilia | ? | ? | 淡水 |
Lithoglyphopsis | ? | ? | ? |
Tricula | 拟钉螺属 | 15-20+ | 淡水 |
Hubendickia | 16[9] | ? | |
Hydrorissoia | 7[9] | ? | |
Jullienia | 诸氏螺属 | 10[9] | ? |
Karelainia | 4[9] | ? | |
Kunmingia | 昆明螺属 | ? | ? |
Neoprososthenia | ? | ? | ? |
Pachydrobiella | 1[9] | ? | |
† Paraprososthenia | 有指4个[9]或1 个cf.[31] | 化石,淡水湖的湖床 | |
Saduniella | 1[9] | ? | |
Lacunopsis | 12[9] | ? | |
Gammatricula | γ-拟钉螺属 | 4 | ? |
Halewisia | 1[9] | ? | |
Jinghongia | 景洪螺属 | ? | ? |
Neotricula | 新拟钉螺属 | 2 (at least)[8] | 淡水 |
Pachydrobia | 10[9] | ? | |
Robertsiella | 小罗伯特螺属 | 3[32] | freshwater, streams[32] |
Wuconchona | 伍氏螺属 | 至少一个 | ? |
Rehderiella | ? | ? | ? |
Spiripockia | 1[27] | 穴栖[27] |
参考文献
本文参考了以下参考文献中的公共领域文本[1]和参考文献中的CC-BY-2.0内容[8]
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- ^ Davis, G. M.; Kuo, Y.-H.; Elaine, Hoagland K.; Chen, P.-L.; Yang, H.-M.; Chen, D.-J. Kunmingia, a New Genus of Triculinae (Gastropoda: Pomatiopsidae) from China: Phenetic and Cladistic Relationships. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 1981, 136: 165–193. (英语).
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外部链接
- Davis G. M., Chen C.-E., Wu C., Kuang T.-F., Xing X.-G., Li L., Liu W.-J. & Yan Y.-L. (1992). "The Pomatiopsidae of Hunan, China (Gastropoda, Rissoacea)". Malacologia 34(1-2): 143-342.
- Guan, F.; Niu, A. O.; Attwood, S. W.; Li, Y. L.; Zhang, B.; Zhu, Y. H. Molecular phylogenetics of Triculine snails (Gastropoda: Pomatiopsidae) from southern China. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 2008, 48 (2): 702–707. PMID 18502667. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2008.04.021.
- Liu, L.; Huo, G.-N.; He, H.-B.; Zhou, B.; Attwood, S. W. A phylogeny for the Pomatiopsidae (Gastropoda: Rissooidea): a resource for taxonomic, parasitological and biodiversity studies. BMC进化生物学. 2014, 14: 29. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-14-29.